| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Maine | 🟨 | (1) EO (2018-001) (2) HP 1204 (2018) |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| (1) Established Highly Automated Vehicles committee to explore CAV and platooning (2) Establishes the Commission on Autonomous Vehicles to coordinate efforts among state agencies and knowledgeable stakeholders, relates to the development of a process to allow an autonomous vehicle tester to demonstrate and deploy an automated driving system on a public way. | - | - |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| Safety requirements designated in §5 (source) | Commission on Autonomous Vehicles | (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | - |
Kentucky
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Kentucky | 🟨 | (1) SB 116 |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| (1) Defines platooning requirements, defines electronically coordinated platooning, close traveling | - | ThorDrive (source) |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| Motor carriers wishing to operate a platoon shall provide notification to the department and the Kentucky State Police, including a plan for general platoon operations. “Anything goes wrong then I just press it and then it becomes a regular car again,” | Kentucky State Police | MOVE Louisville, Louisville's 20 year transportation plan, calls for eight policy initiatives to meet existing needs, anticipate the future demands of transportation users and ensure long term-sustainability and high quality of life. One of those eight policy initiatives is to embrace smart mobility, which includes autonomous vehicles. (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | - |
Kansas
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Kansas | 🟥 | None |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| - | - | - |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| - | Statewide Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Task Force (KS DOT) | No state law exists related to CAV. All plans are proposals, but no developments have taken place (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | - |
Iowa
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Iowa | 🟩 | (1) SF 302 (2019) |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| (1) Defines automated driving systems, acceptable use, operator requirements, and insurance requirements. | - | National Advanced Driving Simulator (source) |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| A safety driver will be behind the wheel at all times to monitor the automated features and drive the vehicle anytime those features are not in use. These drivers are specially trained members of the research team with years of experience using these technologies. A second research team member will be on board to assist with study subjects. The vehicle is being outfitted by Illinois-based company AutonomouStuff, and the high definition road mapping done by Wisconsin-based Mandli Communications. (source) | Iowa DOT | Iowa DOT taking "active measures to prepare for autonomous vehicles" Current work on vehicle automation has naturally focused on driving environments with reduced complexity, e.g., locations with consistently good weather, clear lane markings, etc. Iowa’s profile as a four‐season state with significant truck traffic and a highly cooperative transportation community makes it an excellent facilitator for the next stage of development, offering a “real world” development environment which can help vehicle automation achieve its ultimate goal of operating in all conditions. (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | Before a system-equipped vehicle is allowed to operate on the public highways of this state, the owner shall obtain financial liability coverage for the vehicle. A system-equipped vehicle shall not operate on the highways of this state unless financial liability coverage is in effect for the vehicle and unless proof of financial liability coverage is carried in the vehicle pursuant to section 321.20B. (source) |
Indiana
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Indiana | 🟨 | (1) HB 1290 (2018) |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| (1) Defines platooning; establishes a system for approving platooning. Mostly a bill about transportation taxes, barely relevant to CAV | - | Transportation and Autonomous Systems Institute, University of Indiana (source) |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| - | - | In June, the Indiana Department of Transportation and the Ohio Department of Transportation received a $4.4 million federal grant to prepare for, and advance the use of, semi-autonomous and autonomous truck traffic on the states’ highways. The four-year project will put semi-autonomous commercial trucks—with drivers in them at all times—on Interstate 70, the Indiana Toll Road and the Ohio Turnpike. The project also will involve gathering data about the vehicles’ performance, sharing that data with project partners, and analyzing I-70 itself to determine the highway’s readiness for autonomous vehicles. (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | - |
Illinois
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Illinois | 🟨 | (1) HB 791 (2017); (2) EO (2018-13) |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| (1) Prohibits local governments from enacting ordinance prohibiting autonomous vehicles on its roads, (2) Established “Autonomous Illinois” initiative to promote the development, testing, and deployment and testing of CAV technologies | - | Lisle, Ill., technology company Autobon AI is a AI truck company who did some testing in IL (source) |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| A licensed driver must be in the vehicle during testing. Only trained employees, contractors, or other persons authorized may operate or monitor the vehicles. The vehicle must comply with all applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards The Tester must disclose: The name and business address of the tester; Identification information about the vehicle(s) to be tested (make, model, plate number); The operator’s name, contact information, and driver’s licence number and state of issuance; Name of the area where the testing will take place; Other information (additional requirements to be established be IDOT) | State initiative that involves the following agencies: Illinois State Police; Illinois Tollway; Department of Insurance; Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity; ILDOT | (1) Smart Transportation Infrastructure Initiative (STII) has been working to bring together expertise and knowledge from academia (The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Northwestern University, and the University of Illinois-Chicago); industry (including the Illinois Autonomous Vehicles Association); and government and align advanced research with IDOT’s envisioned autonomous vehicle testing program to support the innovation and deployment of safe automated transportation. The intent of this collaboration is to work with IDOT to build a research facility in Rantoul, Illinois, called the Illinois-Automated and Connected Track (I-ACT). (2) The state currently is working with Northwestern University and the University of Illinois’ Urbana-Champaign and Chicago campuses on a test track for autonomous vehicles in downstate Rantoul, about 15 miles north of Champaign. (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | The owner of an autonomous motor vehicle shall provide proof of insurance to the Secretary by providing either a certificate of insurance or a surety bond to be posted with the Secretary in an amount no less than $1,000,000 and no more than $5,000,000. (source) |
Florida
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Florida | 🟨 | (1) FL H 1289 (2021); (2) FL H 107 (2019); (3) FL H 311 (2019); (4) FL H 725 (2019); (5) FL S 2500 (2019) (6) FL S 7068 (2019) |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| (1) authorizes low speed autonomous delivery vehicles and sets out restrictions; (2) exempts autonomous vehicle operators from a law that prohibits drivers from using wireless communication devices; (3) authorizes use of fully autonomous vehicles even without human operators and sets out rules for CAV operation; (4) allows truck tractors, trailers, and semitrailers to operate as a single unit (i.e., as a platoon); doesn't specifically mention CAVs; (5) allocates funds to the study of autonomous vehicle services; (6) Florida's Multi-use Corridors of Regional Economic Significance Program is intended to look into CAV technology. | (1) FL S 54 (2021); (2) FL S 1620 (2021); (3) FL H 637 (2020); (4) FL H 771 (2020); (5) FL H 4713 (2020); (6) FL S 76 (2019); (7) FL S 660 (2019); (8) FL H 733 (2019); (9) FL S 896 (2019); (10) FL S 932 (2019); (11) FL S 1052 (2019); (12) FL S 1638 (2019); (13) FL H 3923 (2019); (14) FL SPB 7068 (2019); (15) FL S 150 (2018); (16) FL H 353 (2018); (17) FL H 633 (2018); (18) FL S 712 (2018); (19) FL S 852 (2018); (20) FL S 1104 (2018); (21) FL H 1287 (2018); (22) FL H 3061 (2018); (23) FL H 3303 (2018); (24) FL H 725 (2017); (25) FL S 784 (2017); (26) FL S 1066 (2017); (27) FL S 1118 (2017); (28) FL H 3623 (2017) | Waymo, Ford, Argo AI |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| An autonomous vehicle registered in this state must continue to meet all of the following requirements: (a) When required by federal law: 1. Have been certified in accordance with federal regulations in 49 C.F.R. part 567 as being in compliance with applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards. 2. Bear the required certification label or labels including reference to any exemption granted under applicable federal law. (b) Be capable of being operated in compliance with the applicable traffic and motor vehicle laws of this state, regardless of whether the vehicle is operating with the automated driving system engaged. (2) If the autonomous vehicle is not fully autonomous, applicable federal standards and regulations for such motor vehicle. the vehicle must: (a) have a system to safely alert a licensed human the operator physically present in the vehicle if an automated driving system autonomous technology failure is detected while the automated driving system autonomous technology is engaged. When an alert is given, the system must: 1. require the licensed human operator to take control of the autonomous vehicle; or must achieve a minimal risk condition. The term ""minimal risk condition"" means a reasonably safe state, such as bringing the vehicle to a complete stop and activating the vehicle's hazard lamps. (3) If the autonomous vehicle is fully autonomous, it must be able to achieve a minimal risk condition if a failure of the automated driving system occurs which renders that system unable to perform the entire dynamic driving task relevant to its intended operational design domain. Requires that the owner immediately report crashes to law enforcement or that the vehicles have a system in place to report them. | Florida DOT | (1) SunTrax facility - an autonomous vehicle testing track; (2) Partnership between FDOT and Florida Polytechnic University (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | Requires that owners of autonomous vehicles have a minimum of $1 million in insurance coverage, regardless of whether the vehicles are for personal or commercial use |
Delaware
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Delaware | 🟥 | (1) Executive Order 14 (2017) |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| (1) established an Advisory Council on Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. The Advisory Council is tasked with developing recommendations for innovative tools and strategies that can be used to prepare Delaware’s transportation network for connected and autonomous vehicles. | (1) AZ H 2007 (2021); (2) AZ G 2083 (2021); (3) AZ H 2476 (2021); (4) AZ H 2684 (2019); (5) AZ S 1135 (2017); (6) AZ H 2434 (2017); (7) AZ H 2340 (2020); (8) AZ H 2060 (2020) | Autonomous shuttle system in the University of Delaware (source) |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| - | Delaware DOT | - |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | - |
Colorado
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Colorado | 🟨 | (1) CO S 260 (2021); (2) CO S 239 (2019); (3) CO S 213 (2017) |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| "(1) Mandates an autonomous vehicle study and sets out goals of the study. The study will end in 2026; (2) Requires the Department of Transportation to consult with representatives of autonomous vehicle manufacturers and technology companies when making formal policy recommendations; (3) Authorizes automated driving systems throughout the state. " | (1) CO H 1188 (2018); | - |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| - | - | SPaT Challenge participants: responding to the Challenge by equipping two main arterial corridors in the Denver Metro area with the equipment to broadcast SPaT. Those two corridors are Wadsworth Blvd (SH 121) and Arapahoe Rd (SH 88), which includes about 62 CDOT traffic signals. Internet of Roads: drivers and traffic managers will receive real-time information about road conditions such as traffic delays, icy conditions, and crashes through continuous and automatic communications between individual vehicles and roadside infrastructure. Once deployed, this system is projected to result in an 81 percent decrease in unimpaired multi-vehicle crashes, as well as more reliable travel times and, eventually, the ability to communicate with self-driving cars. (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| - | - |
California
| State | Status | State Law |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 🟩 | (1) CA S 500 (2021); (2) CA S 570 (2021); (3) CA A 87 (2018); (4) CA A 1184 (2018); (5) CA S 1 (2017); (6) CA S 145 (2017); (7) CA A 669 (2017); (8) CA A 1444 (2017). |
| Explanation of State Law | Failed Legislation | Testing |
| "(1) effective 2023, prohibits operation of CAVs that are not zero-emissions; (2) exempts driverless CAVs from certain motor vehicle standards and requirements; (3) sets out guidelines for law enforcement when encountering a CAV without a valid permit; (4) taxes passenger CAV rides in City and County of San Francisco; funds must be used for transportation operations and infrastructure; (5) designates development of ""infrastructure to vehicle communications for transitional or full autonomous vehicle systems"" as an authorized project for use of funds under a state transportation infrastructure program; (6) allows CA DMV to unilaterally approve driverless CAV applications and requires DMV to provide public notice prior to adopting CAV regulations; (7) postpones repeal of bill that allows CA Department of Transportation and Highway Patrol to test CAV platooning; (8) extends provision for Livermore Amador Valley Transit Authority to conduct driverless CAV testing under certain conditions" | "(1) CA A 96 (2017); (2) CA S 251 (2017); (3) CA S 369 (2017); (4) CA A 399 (2017); (5) CA A 623 (2017); (6) CA S 802 (2017); (7) CA S 936 (2017); (8) CA A 1141 (2017); (9) CA A 1160 (2017); (10) CA S 1184 (2017); (11) CA S 1342 (2017); (12) CA A 2638 (2017); (13) CA A 3106 (2017); (14) CA A 3132 (2017); (15) CA S 59 (2019); (16) CA S 336 (2019); (17) CA A 516 (2019); (18) CA A 1964 (2019); (19) CA A 87 (2017) | Testing with Driver permit holders: AIMOTIVE INC, AMBARELLA CORPORATION, APEX.AI, APPLE INC, ARGO AI, LLC, AURORA, INNOVATION, AUTEL US INC, AUTOX TECHNOLOGIES INC, BAIDU USA LLC, BMW, CONTINENTAL, CRUISE LLC, CYNGN INC, DEEPROUTE.AI, DiDi RESEARCH AMERICA, LLC, EASYMILE, GATIK AI INC, GHOST LOCOMOTION INC, HELM.AI INC, HONDA, IMAGRY INC, INCEPTIO TECHNOLOGY INC, INTEL CORPORATION, LEONIS TECHNOLOGIES, LYFT, INC, MANDO AMERICA CORP, MERC BENZ, MOTIONAL, NIO USA INC., NISSAN, NURO, INC, NVIDIA CORPORATION, OPTIMUS RIDE INC, PLUSAI, INC, PONY.AI, Qcraft.ai, QUALCOMM TECHNOLOGIES, INC, RENOVO.AUTO RIDECELL INC, TELENAV, INC. TESLA , TOYOTA RESEARCH, INSTITUTE, UATC, LLC (UBER), UDACITY, Udelv, Inc, VALEO NORTH AMERICA, INC., VINGROUP USA LLC, VOLKSWAGEN, VOYAGE AUTO INC, WAYMO LLC, WeRide Corp DBA WeRide AI, XMOTORS.AI, INC, ZOOX INC Driverless Testing permit holders: AUTOX TECHNOLOGIES INC, BAIDU USA LLC, Cruise LLC, NURO, INC, PONY.AI, INC, WAYMO LLC, WERIDE CORP, ZOOX, INC (source) |
| Testing Requirements | Oversight Department | Infrastructure Developments |
| The autonomous vehicles testing regulations, which require a driver, effective on September 16, 2014. The regulations adopted by the Office of Administrative Law on February 26, 2018, amend the regulatory text for testing with a driver. | Autonmous Vehicle branch of DMV | Transportation funding can be directed at high tech infrastructure like traffic lights that communicate with CAV and digital freeway signs. (source) |
| Crashes/Safety Incidents | Liability/Insurance Requirements | |
| (1) As of 9/1/2021, DMV has received 337 AV Collision Reports; (source) (2) Tesla autopilot fatal crash; (source) (3) Man arrested for using Tesla autopilot while in backseat; (source) (4) Tesla autopilot fatal crash with distracted driver (source) | $5 million in self-insurance or surety bond coverage. (source) |