The focus of my work is on cortical and basal ganglia mechanisms of nociception and pain. Additional interests include how the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia process information from multiple sensory systems (multisensory integration). An understanding of how these areas process sensory information may shed light on how the nervous system responds to environmental cues and how organisms make use of these cues to make appropriate behavioral responses. Moreover, this line of research may lead to data concerning the etiology of Parkinson's Disease and provide information leading to potential treatments for this debilitating disorder. I am also interested in the neuroactive properties of medicinal plants and herbs and in using this research to create educational materials for students and teachers.