Structure and function are inextricably linked in the profound complexity of the human retinal fovea. At one level the links are intuitive: The eye is like a mobile camera that projects a focused image onto a single locus, the fovea, where highest visual acuity is linked to a striking peak in the density and packing of the photoreceptive elements: the photon capturing outer segments of the cone photoreceptors. The outer segments form an intimate relationship with the non-neuronal retinal pigment epithelial cells critical to their function and health. Similarly, certain aspects of the retinal circuitry of the fovea appear designed to preserve the information afforded to the visual system by this fine grained sampling of the visual image. The foveal circuitry in turn is intimately linked to highly specialized glial cells unique to the retina.  However the functional significance of many aspects of foveal structure remain elusive. The dramatic pit-like morphology of the fovea itself, where the retinal circuitry and its blood supply are swept laterally to the slope of the pit is a functional enigma. Perhaps the biggest mystery how the visual pathways arise from the retinal circuitry that originates around the foveal pit. We know from previous work mostly on the non-human primate and other non-primate mammalian retinas that the although the retina is the first, it is also one of the most complex synaptic steps in the visual process where on the order of 100 distinct neuronal cell types interact to create an estimated 30 pathways that project in parallel to visual structures in the brain. How these pathways arise in the human fovea is largely unknown. The human foveal connectome project centered in our lab is a collaborative effort designed to apply recently developed methods of volume electron microscopy – connectomics – to addressing many of the outstanding questions about the structure and function of the human fovea.