| Classification | Description | Notes |
| Normal Apophysis | Longitudinally oriented | Often mistaken for fracture |
| Dancer’s fracture | Transverse orientation, involves the cuboid articulation | Avulsion of the insertion of the peroneus brevis tendon |
| Jones Fracture | Transverse orientation, involves the inter-metatarsal articulation | 30-50% nonunion, |
| 5th Metatarsal Shaft Fracture | Transverse or oblique orientation, distal to inter-metatarsal joint | Typically treated with ORIF due to poor distal blood supply |
Reference:
Stevens, M. A., et al. (1999). “Imaging features of avulsion injuries.” Radiographics 19(3): 655-672.