Ruptured capsular ligaments shown in orange
| Classification | Description | Notes |
| Joint capsule injury | Widened joint space, with or without subluxation | May be due to axial load, flexion or extension |
| Perched facets | Subtotal dislocation | Hyperflexion |
| Locked facets | Complete dislocation | Hyperflexion |
| Unilateral facet dislocation | Unilateral dislocation | Flexion-rotation |