Separation is the Greatest Illusion

Political Ecology of Death in the Anthropocene views the world with “Systems Theory.” To me, this means understanding that everything is part of something more than itself.

In “Terror Management Theory”, psychologist Sheldon Solomon argues that our fear of death leads us to strive to “become part of something less mortal…[to be] a person of value in a world of meaning” (Vedantam 2019). However, even if we do not actively pursue it, we are already part of something bigger than ourselves, something immortal. Even when we are alone on a desert island we are not alone. The fish provide minerals for us to function. Our waste provides nutrients to the worms. There is no “self.” We are already part of something valuable and meaningful.

Source: Summer Grassland by Kathryn Foster

I feel a sense of peace when I think of myself from this perspective. I imagine myself as a blade of grass in a painting. I sway with the wind alongside other blades of grass as the sun provides us energy and the air provide us food. However, one can look at this blade of grass from another perspective. It must compete for resources and lives in fear of being eaten by herbivores. Thus, it grows the deepest roots to uptake the most water and releases chemicals to defend itself.

I think it is the latter perspective that dominates our society. Solomon argues that the fear of death also leads to “self-esteem striving,” where individuals work to be “better, smarter, richer” to further make meaning of our lives (Vedantam 2019). When we do not think of ourselves are part of a greater system, we must expand ourselves to not be overtaken by others. The only value we have is our own value, and the only life we further is our own.

But even when that blade of grass is overtaken by other blades of grass or eaten by herbivores it lives on within others. We always live on.

As Professor Karen mentioned, I also think this world is amid a “transition” from a perspective of self to a perspective of the whole. In the Anthropocene where humans touch every part of the world, we have no choice but to recognize the world as connected. Perhaps as we grow more aware of this wholeness, we can create new systems of functioning to account for the impact our choices have on the world.

Work Cited:

Foster, Kathryn. Summer Grasslands. 2009, Fine Art America, https://fineartamerica.com/featured/summer-grasslands-kathryn-foster.html.

Vedantam, Shankar, host. “We’re All Gonna Die! How Fear of Death Drives Our Behavior.” Hidden Brain from NPR, 16 September 2019, https://www.npr.org/transcripts/760599683.

 

To New Beginnings…

After the first full week of class, I am ready for more. Death in the Anthropocene, what is that and why is there a college class on it? From what I have gathered in our three sessions together thus far is that this class is a space for our minds to grapple with the issues of our systems (world, Earth, and noosphere), our mortality, the current political climate, and how to factor in sustainability into all the above-mentioned spaces. First things first, I needed a concrete definition of Anthropocene, which is as follows: “the current geological age, viewed as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and environment” (Oxford Languages). The Anthropocene is where we are in time and space, easy enough. How do our lives fit into the Anthropocene? Well, we are a part of the noosphere which is the human side of the geospheres living system. The noosphere is something I had never heard of before, but after learning about it I understand how necessary it is to our Earth system. The humans are their own entity on this Earth, our systems work with and against the Earth system, but are also independent of the Earth system and require our own category. When I googled noosphere just to see what pops up, a satirical blog popped up with this image.

https://planetpailly.com/2017/08/11/sciency-words-noosphere/

I found this to be funny and a little too real. Jokes aside, the blog had some interesting thoughts on the noosphere, more predominantly that they were not ready to claim humankind as the Earth’s brain-and I have to agree with them (J.S. Pailly). We are not the system that run’s the Earth, we are currently just the system causing mechanical issues for the system running the Earth. With all this in mind, all of the Earth systems- atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere- they are all interdependent. All the system can be individual and do their own process, but they also work with the other systems to create something beautiful: our home. After this first week of class and the weekend to digest my thoughts, I have come to the conclusion that this class will teach me the intricacies of the noosphere and how it fits into the Earth system as well as how we as the noosphere can make our sphere a healthier sphere for the Earth system.

Teenage angst to revolutionary spirit: can the youth turn our civilisation into an innovative successor?

Before taking this course, and increasingly since, I have tried to view the world through the lens that the systems we create are a constant coping mechanism to deal with human mortality.

Whilst engaging with the podcast this week I became enthralled with the relationship between death and the ego. The accumulation of ‘death anxiety’ into one’s own greed and prosperity and how this affects the planet – could this lead to the downfall of our civilisation?

However, I have also been playing with the thought that rather than this being an inescapable death cycle, maybe our civilisation itself, as a construct, can die and move into a post-industrialisation era without mass global collapse. Arguably we are at breaking point, meaning that now is the time to move from one era of human innovation into another that centres around planetary protection or we will fall into the death cycle and drive ourselves into complete extinction.

Moreover, engaging in Thursday’s reading materials lead me to reflect on my own relationship with climate change, specifically in relation to my own relationship with death. I remember at around fourteen I developed quite a cynical attitude towards climate change, basically ‘we’re all going to die and there is nothing you or I can do about it’. However, my switch from nihilistic pessimism fuelled by teenage angst to climate positivism or at least the ‘we should at least try to do something’ attitude was also accompanied by a mass cultural shift. It was that of the Fridays for Future movement that saw a whole generational shift – an uprising of youth, and an increase in ‘climate anxiety’ as well as education. The movement, although influential, did not span to the lengths it could have, but it may have created an incandescent generation, one which can launch society into a new era of human revolution and away from the ever-looming death cycle.

Taken at COP26, Glasgow

Image credits: Talia Pettitt, Nov 2021

Teenage angst to revolutionary spirit (a playlist):

Attached is a playlist I made to encapsulate the feeling of teenage angst turned to the revolutionary spirit that drove that Fridays for Future movement and should continue to provoke all people to take a stand and push our civilisation into a new sphere of human living that puts planetary survival first. Music change often accompanies large cultural shifts in our society and therefore should be a highlight of any political movement – art and protest go hand-in-hand.

https://open.spotify.com/playlist/3ErqHTS6y1h68owiTI3Hfq?si=6b81b0fd7cf544db

References:

Photo credits, Talia Pettitt, taken at COP26 in Glasgow, November 2021

Jacopa Simonetta, 2016, “The other side of the global crisis: entropy and the collapse of civilizations”

Tosin Thompson, 2021,  “Young people’s climate anxiety revealed in landmark survey”

Shakar Vedantam et al., 2019, We’re All Gonna Die! How Fear Of Death Drives Our Behavior

Opening My Eyes to Insanity

This past week has been quite eye-opening as much as it was sobering. I thought I knew what kind of class I would be taking when I saw its title, but this past week continued to show me with how much I don’t know, as well as how incomplete many of my previous mental frameworks are. One of the more exciting prospects though is that I can be challenged to think within an interdisciplinary lens which can bring about new conclusions that couldn’t happen otherwise. My background is in economics, and while it is excellent in describing the mechanics of a lot of social phenomena, it is very sterile and devoid of the emotions and the grit that’s necessary to truly understand many of the greatest social issues of our time–including climate change.

Richard Heinberg’s discussion around energy most aptly sums up my current feelings. He discusses the limits of power in a given system, and particularly for humans. It has the inexorable truth that we as a species have reached a limit to our strive for power, and now we are experiencing diminishing returns and over-consumption. This may ultimately culminate in what Heinberg describes as an involuntary power limit in which the cessation of power may be death, collapse, and possibly extinction.

Climate Anxiety Survey Results from Nature.

When I read the word “extinction,” I get frustrated that I can’t possibly fathom such a prospect. After all, how can I conceptualize non-existence? This frustration ultimately turns into anxiety and I get stuck. According to a recent Nature study, many of my contemporaries testify that climate change has made them feel sad, anxious, and even powerless. I’ve always understood that environmental threats have been looming over our existence, but I never realized how insane it all is.

However, I’ve slowly been learning the importance of resilience, or how Heinberg describes it as “the capacity of a system to encounter disruption and still maintain its basic structure and functions.” Applying this to my own life has been very helpful in managing my anxieties about our current crisis as well as giving me a tool to understand how we can adapt our current systems for if (and most likely when) a societal collapse occurs. Innovation and restructuring broken systems will be paramount to building our new foundation that will be more suited for all life.

Citations:

Ahmad, Thair, et al. “Developing Economics.” Developing Economics, Developing Economics, 19 Sept. 2022, developingeconomics.files.wordpress.com/2021/11/economy-862×796-1.jpg.

“Climate Anxiety Survey Results from Nature.” Young people’s climate anxiety revealed in landmark survey. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02582-8 

Heinberg, Richard. “The Big Picture.” Resilience, 9 Aug. 2021, www.resilience.org/stories/2018-12-17/the-big-picture/.

“Optimum Power: Sustaining Our Power Over Time.” Power: Limits and Prospects for Human Survival, by Richard Heinberg, New Society Publishers, 2021, pp. 186–191.

Thompson, Tosin. “Climate Anxiety Survey Results from Nature.” Nature, Nature, 30 Sept. 2021, www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02582-8.

 

Qualms About My Demise

“Political Ecology of Death in the Anthropocene” is a fascinating title––oddly specific, yet broad enough to cover so many things. Signing up for this course, I was hooked.

My death is something that I contemplate quite often. It entails considering the possible ways that I want my body disposed of: I hate the idea of being eaten by worms, so burial and composting are out, and while I don’t enjoy imagining my body burning, at least my cremated ashes won’t be a direct meal for some creature. It entails thinking about my soul––will I have a next life, or will my “soul” and conscious just cease to exist in the universe? It also entails significant FOMO (fear of missing out), which is my ultimate motivator in life to do my best, please as many people as possible, see as many places as I can, and consume without need. To quote the NPR podcast We’re All Gonna Die!, “the fear of death haunts the human animal like nothing else.” I can certainly relate.

Now, only a week into this course, I’m realizing that there are many problematic implications with how I approach the fear of my death.

Using systems thinking, my death and following disposal is individual, in that it is important psychologically to me. It is also part of a larger system of the earth’s ecology. How then should I approach the subject of my body? Do I respect myself and get cremated to avoid the “ew” factor? Or do I respect the Earth, future generations, and climate action, and instead choose composting? The fact that I have a choice is part of the problem and demonstrates how our species is out of bounds. I am inclined to choose an option that hurts the environment, other humans, and the entire planetary system. To the question of “what kind of species will we be,” from Professor Litfin’s Becoming Planetary, it will someday be up to me decide in this one small, yet impactful decision and make the mature choice.

Considering terror management theory, it may be my fear of the unknown that drives my FOMO and qualms of the soul. Maybe if I were religious, I would not feel the need to travel so much or buy so many things because I could find comfort and security in a certain “after.”

I’m curious to see how this course’s content, discussions, and contemplative practices will continue to insight deeper understandings and challenge my views about death.

Image Source: Ken Lambert, The Seattle Times. Recompose, the first human-composting funeral home in the U.S. in Kent, WA.

The Choice of Adversity

As an avid skier, I am often confronted with a dilemma; I can ride the chairlift as most do, or I can “earn my turns” as many in the community say, towing my gear and myself up the mountain as I hike. Just as how a roadside vista or your friend’s Instagram pictures pale in comparison to the views at the climax of your backpacking trip, the tiring muscles, the extra hours expended, and the other seemingly unnecessary challenges all serve to inflate the sense of satisfaction.

 

Source: Myself
A view which looked much better after a hike

Despite this, many thousands more will ride the chairlift or like a photo for every person who hikes up the hill or who took the photo. There exists a contradiction wherein people love overcoming adversity, but will simultaneously work to avoid facing adversity in the first place.

 

Translated to the life of a student, final exams or lengthy essays will often induce a sense of anxiety. While dropping a class is the only true way to circumnavigate this hardship, for many this option is not viable, meaning students find themselves turning to avoidance mechanisms, including procrastination or the skipping of class. Yet, just as my previous examples, walking out of an exam room knowing you have made it through another segment of your education or receiving a grade provides an amplified degree of accomplishment.

Having come to terms with some of my personal vices, I registered for this class knowing it would force me to overcome hurdles I have grown accustomed to turning away from. In choosing a discussion-based class such as this, I accepted that I have to venture beyond my psychological comfort zone which has seen me rely on my peers to speak up even when I have the answer. There will be no opportunity to push aside readings given the gravity of their role in our seminars and learning. Through this class, I have chosen to “earn my turns,” facing personal hardship in exchange for even greater intellectual satisfaction.

Only a few weeks into class, this duality of turning away from, and overcoming the uncomfortable has already manifested in our content through the work of Samuel Alexander who writes that world thought leaders will self-censor in favor of more palatable ideas. While he writes specifically in regards to the demise of societal structures, this precedent exists on a variety of scales, whether it be skiing, class or global catastrophe.

 

Sources:

Samuel Alexander’s This Civilisation is Finished: Conversations on the end of Empire – and what lies beyond.

 

“Struggling to See the Future When I can Barely Live in the Present”

Last class, I started thinking about how present bias, especially in Westernized “wellness” movements, disrupts and discourages looking towards the future. I thought about how dominant narratives of “living in the moment” invisibilize the future. For example, when I worry about the future, I attempt to ground myself back in this moment, which is a practice that has been reified by guided meditation and therapy sessions. Thus, after years of subscribing to “living in the moment”, I’ve found it harder to look into the future and oftentimes discourage myself from doing so. 

Moreover, as my peer Ryan remarked, it can feel impossible to look towards the future when the present feels suffocating and ever changing. There’s an image I think about (to the right with image description below)that represents the magnitude of circumstances many find themselves thinking about in the present, let alone the future.

A blue-faced individual, wearing a white mask, in front of a dripping blue and green earth. Surrounding the earth is plastic waste represented by forks/food/containers and waste of resources represented by dripping tubes. 

Art by Mushroomhead

For instance, when dealing with a global pandemic, food insecurity, housing/school payments, bodily autonomy, and mental health, it can seem impossible (for me, at least) to think about future-oriented issues. While “future-oriented” issues have an immense stake in the present (such as climate change), they seem less tangible and therefore, more likely to be relegated to the back of the mind while more “pressing” concerns take the frontal space in the brain.

[Image description of second image]: An image taken from Nature’s landmark survey of climate anxiety. At the top is a sliding bar measuring respondent’s climate anxiety from “extremely worried to not worried”. The statistics read, “extremely worried: 27%, very worried: 32%, moderately worried: 25%, a little worried: 11%, not worried: 5%”. Below the bar, is a phrase that reads “climate change makes me feel…” with a series of different emotions and represented percentage in bars. The varying emotions and related percentages read, “sad: 68%, afraid: 68%, anxious: 63%, angry: 58%, powerless: 57%, guilty: 51%, optimistic: 32%, indifferent: 30%”

Reference 1 in Survey regarding Youth and Climate Anxiety (Nature)

Granted, while looking towards the future is something I struggle with, it is not as though these issues are completely absent from mine — or others’ — minds. In a 2021 landmark survey, researchers found that amongst thousands of 15 to 25 year olds, “nearly 60% [said] they felt ‘worried’ or ‘extremely worried’” about climate change (Nature 1). Moreover, “many associated negative emotions with climate change”, which is represented in the graph to the left (image description below). 

While I do think about climate change when provoked, my positionality and privilege have allowed me a large reprieve from constant climate anxiety, compounded with my inability to cope with my “present”. This is a privileged position, as those with different positionalities/experiences are forced into contemplation of the future by means of survival. As I move throughout this course, I hope to integrate more future-oriented thinking without diagnosing it as a “negative practice”. Additionally, I hope to challenge my traditional labels of “present” and “future” in order to engage in systems thinking and holistic consideration of the planet and the issues it is facing.

 

Image Descriptions and Citations Below:

[Image description of first image]: A blue-faced individual, wearing a white mask, in front of a dripping blue and green earth. Surrounding the earth is plastic waste represented by forks/food/containers and waste of resources represented by dripping tubes. 

[Image description of second image]: An image taken from Nature’s landmark survey of climate anxiety. At the top is a sliding bar measuring respondent’s climate anxiety from “extremely worried to not worried”. The statistics read, “extremely worried: 27%, very worried: 32%, moderately worried: 25%, a little worried: 11%, not worried: 5%”. Below the bar, is a phrase that reads “climate change makes me feel…” with a series of different emotions and represented percentage in bars. The varying emotions and related percentages read, “sad: 68%, afraid: 68%, anxious: 63%, angry: 58%, powerless: 57%, guilty: 51%, optimistic: 32%, indifferent: 30%”

 

Image Citations:

Depiction of Climate/Present Anxiety: Mushroomhead. (06/28/2021.). Climate and Other World Anxiety. https://www.psd.gov.sg/challenge/ideas/trends/eco-anxiety-the-psychological-impact-of-climate-change

Graph: Reference 1 (09/22/2021). Young people’s climate anxiety revealed in landmark survey. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02582-8 

Source Citations:

Thompson, T. (2021, September 22). Young People’s Climate Anxiety revealed in landmark survey. Nature News. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02582-8

Possessions After Death

I despise unread emails — that little number in the corner of my screen taunts me, tallying up missed messages until I inevitably open my emails sooner than I need to. But what about when I die? My habits will be abandoned and promotional emails will pile up in my accounts year after year.

Emails only scratch the surface of what will be left behind. Tubes of chapstick half used. Shampoo bottles 3/4 empty. Torn shoes. Belongings that will be passed to family members, until sentimentality hardens into practicality, and my formerly-essential yet obsolete items end up in landfills. Death goes against the systemic way we move through life in the Anthropocene. We create permanent systems to manage the complexity of our temporary lives. The impact of death on such an individualized, capitalist society is startling.

Sara Schley’s “Sustainability: The Inner and Outer Work” touches on the interconnectedness of life that our modern society disregards. In other species’ ecosystems, sustainability is necessary for survival. Everything that an individual doesn’t use will be used by another, from habitats to food. No species on Earth accumulates individual items like humans do. In the Anthropocene, we know of our death but turn a blind eye and reject nature’s circular economy.

I’m in this class because cycles of human life and death intrigue me. What does it mean to live in a world where, #1, our objects outlive us and, #2, our modernization doesn’t force us to repurpose every item (yet)? I’m here for personal reasons as well. Death doesn’t scare me so much as the complexity of existing and the unknowns in our world. Why are we here? Why am I a conscious being, experiencing life? Why don’t we talk about how insane life is? Does anyone else feel this way?

Image from “history of the entire world, i guess” – Bill Wurtz

Logically I know the science behind life, but the absurdity of it all rattles me. I hope this class will bring me some comfort and appreciation for the unknowable. There’s a positive side to thinking deeply that I wish to find.

In the meantime, when life feels a little too large, I turn to two vastly different pieces of media. “history of the entire world, i guess” is your classic quick history piece that reassures me of the science behind complexity in our modern world. On the contrary, “The Only Reason We’re Alive” is a spoken-word piece that could tug anyone’s emotions in the right ways. It’s ok that we don’t know all the answers – we know and can feel the most important parts of life. Now how can we use that knowledge to live and die in a more circular, sustainable way?

 

Media & Citations

billwurtz. “History of the Entire World, I Guess.” YouTube, YouTube, 10 May 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuCn8ux2gbs.

INQonline. “The Only Reason We’re Alive | Spoken Word Poet in-Q.” YouTube, YouTube, 10 Feb. 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7wQI_Q5iU.

Schley, Sara. “Sustainability: The Inner and Outer Work.” The Systems Thinker, 14 Mar. 2018, https://thesystemsthinker.com/sustainability-the-inner-and-outer-work/.