Thomas F Heston MD


August 5, 2023

Gender-specific differences in the evaluation and management of chest pain

This study examined 199 men and 246 women presenting to the emergency department with acute, nontraumatic chest pain and found significant differences between men and women. The time to first contact with a physician was 17.3 minutes for women and 13.2 minutes for men. 92% of men had their initial EKG within 30 minutes, but…


August 4, 2023

The Percent Fragility Index

The percent fragility index is a measure of the robustness of a medical research study by evaluating the fragility of the significance testing performed. Citation: Heston, Thomas F. (2023). The Percent Fragility Index. International Journal of Scientific Research, 12(7), 9–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8215816


August 3, 2023

Fragile Data Requires High Statistical Caution

It is important to address fragility on clinical trials. When a study’s fragility is addressed, it frequently changes the conclusion. Heston, Thomas F. (2019). Fragile Data Requires High Statistical Caution. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8122528


A Blockchain Solution to Gun Control

In this article, I discuss practical ways that blockchain technology can be implemented to help reduce firearm-related morbidity and mortality. Heston, Thomas F. (2018). A Blockchain Solution to Gun Control. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(7), 81–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8117806


August 2, 2023

Sauna Bathing and the Cardiovascular System

Sauna bathing is not only enjoyable but potentially greatly beneficial to your health. In this review article, I look at the evidence. Citation: Heston, Thomas F. (2017). Sauna Bathing and the Cardiovascular System. International Journal of Scientific Research, 6(11), 569–570. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8106462


Pharmacologic stress testing in nuclear cardiology

Pharmacologic stress testing is common in nuclear cardiology. Estimates have suggested that about 30% of all stress tests done in nuclear laboratories utilize pharmacologic stress. Citation: Heston, Thomas F. (2007). Pharmacologic stress testing. Southern Medical Journal, 100(10), 969–970. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8126709


Prompt Engineering For Students of Medicine and Their Teachers

“Prompt Engineering for Students of Medicine and Their Teachers” brings the principles of prompt engineering for large language models such as ChatGPT and Google Bard to medical education. This book contains a comprehensive guide to prompt engineering to help teachers and students improve education in the medical field. Just as prompt engineering is critical in…


August 1, 2023

Cardiac Risk Stratification in Renal Transplantation Using a Form of Artificial Intelligence.

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine if an expert network, a form of artificial intelligence, could effectively stratify cardiac risk in candidates for renal transplant. Input into the expert network consisted of clinical risk factors and thallium-201 stress test data. Clinical risk factor screening alone identified 95 of 189 patients as high…


Myocardial Infarction

“In their study, a man admitted for suspected myocardial infarction was 1.53 times more likely than a woman to be placed in an intensive care unit instead of a telemetry floor. Our study of patients with suspected myocardial infarction or unstable angina came up with remarkably similar results. We found that men were 1.48 times…



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