Dive Deep – Sources of Inspiration

In 2008 I lost an amazing job as an administrative assistant.  It was the greatest thing that could have ever happened to me.  I took my fantastic severance package, and paid off all of my bills for a year.  I used that time to really think about what I wanted to do, and where I wanted to go with my life.  I decided that I didn’t want a job, I wanted a career – something that I am regardless of what I am doing at that specific moment.  I also didn’t just want a career, I wanted to do something that I would pay to do.  If it wasn’t the kind of job that made me excited to be alive, then I didn’t want to do it at all.

So I wanted to share with you one of the things that made me decide to become an archaeologist. At this point I had taken a few classes in my spare time while I was working, and I’d even thrown the idea around about doing something archaeology related, but I’d never really put into context.  It just wasn’t in the realm of something real or achievable.  Half of my friends and family still think that I’m freaking insane for doing this, and my in-laws really do think I’m downright nuts. But I was watching PBS one day and this came on.  I saw these people doing something so fantastic and out of this world that I couldn’t help but be mesmerized.  It really made an impression on me.  It also redefined my view of just how many amazing things are still out there; you really can still wander out into the wild and find something incredible.  So here you go, this is one of my personal sources of inspiration; one of the coolest jobs in the world.

extreme_cave_diving-2

Nova; Extreme Cave Diving  http://video.pbs.org/video/1405567128/

My “Sweet” Hometown—we are what we eat

“Why Tainan food is so sweet?” This is a common question or maybe just complaint that my classmates will ask me when I studied in Taipei. I never realized this fact when I lived in Tainan before 18 until I first leaved my hometown. The food in Taipei is good, but I always feel that it can be better if they put more sugar in it even my friends think it is sweet enough. The foods I like always have the common feature: sweet, for me, this is not only a flavor, but also a familiar memory.

Tainan is located at Southern Taiwan, and is known for its old history, temples , and traditional snack food. Not just my classmates, I am also wondering why the Tainan people prefer the sweet flavor. The only way to find the origin of the traditional flavor is to dig the history. There are many different stories, and the oldest one could be related to colonial period by Dutch. When Dutch occupied Taiwan in the 17th century, they found that it is a suitable place to cultivate cane and produce sugar, which was an economic product in that time. Because of the landscape and the condition of whether, the plain in Tainan is one of the main places to plant cane.

map_Dutch

Figure1: The Dutch map for a port in Tainan

In the colonial period by Japan (1895-1945), Japanese also cultivate cane and build several sugar factories in Tainan. Dues to the easier access to sugar, it is a common condiment for Tainan peoples. Another story is that because most Han people in Tainan come from Fuzhou (in Southeastern China), the sweet flavor is a traditional style of their cuisine.

糖廠

Figure: The sugar factory in colonial period by Japan

Although these stories provide some explanation for the reason of sweet food, some arguments is hard to prove only through the oral history. Maybe the archaeology can tell us more different stories. If we can find the material culture which can be associated with the sugar, we might be able to trace back this cultural tradition. Whether we can find the real answer or not, I know that I will always love this sweet flavor. It is like a kind of identity which passes down from generation to generation.

Just as Twiss(2007) said, “We are what we eat”. From the sweet flavor, I find my identity and my sweet hometown.

Twiss, Katheryn C.   2007   The archaeology of food and identity. [Carbondale, Ill.]: Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University Carbondale.

Figure1: http://memory.ncl.edu.tw/tm_2007/hypage.cgi?HYPAGE=all_detail.htm&subject_type=image&did_id=10&project_id=twpt&xml_id=0000361259

Figure2: http://hces.tn.edu.tw/chianan/a02.htm

Quantum Tunneling in the Fraser Valley

During my research of Native American and First Nation cultural landscapes, I have been repeatedly struck by the diverse and multifaceted relationships forged between people and place. A particularly interesting example comes from the Stó:lō people of the Fraser Valley. As explained by Keith Carlson in his 2010 book The Power of Place, The Problem of Time, which explores the construction of Aboriginal identity in British Columbia during the colonial period, Stó:lō cultural landscapes contain a series of “special tunnels”. 

Chilliwack Lake, Stó:lō Territory

Understanding how these tunnels work is akin to watching Neil deGrasse Tyson talk about theories of relativity. That is to say, it takes some work. According to the Stó:lō, these tunnels link, and can instantaneously transport individuals between, various points on the landscape. This journey is not without danger, as many corpses have been found at tunnel exits many miles from where the living person was last seen. Those that survive the journey are endowed with special powers and prestige.

These tunnels form a crucial part of the Stó:lō cultural landscape. They also actively structure how the Stó:lō conceive of space and time. Imagine, for instance, two Stó:lō villages separated by 50 miles but linked by special tunnels. For those ensconced within Western ways of measuring space, the distance between these villages is quantifiable, as is the approximate time required to travel between them. These calculations have little purchase among the Stó:lō, for whom tunnels allow for instantaneous teleportation. Consequently, the communities, places, resources, and landscapes with which the Stó:lō feel most connected are not necessarily those most proximate to Stó:lō villages, but rather those situated near and linked to special tunnels within a culturally constructed landscape. These relationships, Carlson shows, were utterly lost on Canadian officials during the creation of reserves.

This account of Stó:lō tunnels serves as a powerful reminder that conceptions of landscape depend not just on the meaning or history ascribed to particular locations, but also on underlying and culturally contingent beliefs regarding physical laws and the nature of space and time itself.

Treasure and Treacherous Tales; Lost In The Amazon

My family tree is an interesting place to be.  I come from long lines of dreamers, adventurers, explorers, and downright fascinating people.  Intrepid explorers and brazen settlers, and I’m not alone.  Go back five generations ( so your great-great-great Grandma, somewhere in the early to mid 1800s) and you have 32 separate lines to contend with.  Most Americans with European ancestry can find at least one, if not many, family lines that lived through some of the defining moments of our Nation’s history.  From Westward Expansion to the Civil War to The Revolutionary War, many of us can find amazing people  throughout our family trees, with fantastic stories to tell if we choose to delve that deeply.

New Yorker Image of Fawcett & Crew

I was actually able to find some amazing links to archaeology within my own family tree.  My maternal Great Grandmother, Valerie DeMontet was Swiss.  Her paternal grandmother was Anna Sophia Burckhardt, from a well-known Swiss Family who were respected in both academic and religious circles.  Among the doctors of philosophy and priests that seem abundant in the Burckhardt family tree, I found Johann Ludwig Burckhardt.  This is the very same Johann Burckhardt who rediscovered Petra in 1812 while disguised as a Muslim!  And that wasn’t the only connection to archaeology that I found.  My Great Grandmother Valerie also has some fascinating connections on her mother’s side as well, as her Grandfather was Percy Fawcett.

The-lost-city-z book cover pic

Col. Percy H. Fawcett was an adventurer and explorer just after the turn of the 20th century.   This was during a point in history that is fairly shameful for archaeologists – the mad dash for antiquities, funded in no small part by Universities and Museums, propelled many unorthodox adventurers into the limelight.  Col. Percy H Fawcett was no exception.  A member of the Royal Geographic Society, just as his father before him, Colonel Fawcett mapped large portions of the Amazon Jungle as he searched for a lost city of gold.  His fantastic progress, along with his matter of fact demeanor and tenacious determination was sensational stuff; media attention led to fame, but not fortune.  His last communication from the jungle was in May of 1925, after which he disappeared into the Amazon, along with his son Jack, and his son’s friend Raleigh.  They were never seen again.  Well over a hundred people have died over the years, trying to find out exactly what happened to Percy Fawcett.  If you’d like more information his story is well documented, most recently in the book Lost City Of Z by David Grann, and also in a PBS Documentary title Lost in the Amazon.

Percy Fawcett PBS Documentary

                                         http://video.pbs.org/video/1889269948/                                            You can link to the movie here – it’s a pretty neat story!

colonel-percy-fawcett.blog.co.uk

Whiskey Bottle – Jim Beam

The coolest old bottle I have is a Jim Beam Whiskey Bottle.  I bought it at a yard sale.  Now I’m not much of a drinker, and I didn’t know what it was at the time, but it was gorgeous.  I had no idea that that Jim Beam had such an amazing history regarding its decanters; although they have been in business since 1795, in 1952 they started crafting a wide variety of specialty bottle for their whiskey.  There are literally thousands of variations, with a wide range of styles. There are fine gold-gilded crystal decanters, automobiles, animals, sports equipment, it seems that the company went out of its way to provide bottle in every shape and form known to mankind.  The result is a truly astounding body of corporate expression.

 Jim Beam White Bottle

my bottle looks just like this, only red

Despite the extreme variety, temporal succession can actually be observed in the record by looking at the progression of similarly styled bottles.  Due to the high level of variation, an analysis of collectors edition, or annual releases,  like in these examples of crystal glass bottles ranging from 1964 to 1973 is the most effective means of observing any sort of meaningful change. (photos courtesy of the Jim Beam Club)

    66crystalGlass     68crystalGlass       1973ambercrystal

Some other really great examples of Jim Beam bottlery can also be found in the pictorial index from the Jim Beam Club, they have some great examples of other series as well!

http://www.jimbeamclub.com/pictorials/jimbeam/index.html

Horseradish Came First at Heinz

This bottle is embossed with H.J. Heinz Co. on one side and Pittsbough, PA. on the other. Although Henry John Heinz had started marketing bottled horseradish as early as 1869 it was not until 1888 that his business assumed the name H.J. Heinz Company. The object that is in the collection has a rectangular base with chamfered (cut off) corners. This is a machine made bottle exhibiting a distinct value mark on the base. Within the use category of “food” “horseradish style” forms a sub category of bottle referred to as “bottle type” in the Parks Canada nomenclature. This style bottle may show a variety of base shapes. A patent finish is often present as on object 45K1765/M-42.

M-42_1_whole_compr                        M-42_2_embossing_compr

The dating on this particular example of the bottle type can be concisely bracketed between 1888 and 1909. It was in 1909 that the Heinz Co. began using square based bottles for its products. In the case of this horseradish style bottle the embossing makes all the difference when it comes to dating. Given that the bottle is embossed with the company name H.J Heinz we know that it was produced after 1888. As can be seen from old catalogs of Illinois Glass Company, bottles of this type continued to be manufactured beyond 1926.

Heinz-evaporated relish       Heinz 57 horseradish

On the left is an early bottle of Heinz’s horseradish. The bottle on the right is from sometime after 1892, when the H.J. Heinz Co. inaugurated its “57 Varieties” slogan.

 Illinois Glass horseradish bottles-page132

Page from the Illinois Glass Company’s 1926 catalog.

 

http://www.sha.org/bottle/Typing/IGCo1926/page132.jpg

http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/Heinz_Company.html

http://www.biography.com/people/hj-heinz-39251#early-life&awesm=~oEPjuziJf9BnX1

http://www.heinz.com/media/downloads/view/evaporatedrelish.jpg

http://heinzeudemo.opalcontent.com/en/About/Trivia

Travel items– Dandy flask

P1100715 拷貝 (1)

Dandy flask has vertical/parallel sides, and the short base pedestal which is almost as wide as the body. The stopper finish and body shape indicate that it might contain liquor, such as whiskey or bitters. This type of bottle was primarily produced from 1890 to 1920 according to its straight finish. Because after 1920, the external screw threads finish is the dominant style. Similar bottle had been appeared on the catalog of Illinois Glass Company in 1906, which also indicates the possible production.

The shape of this kind of bottles originates in the need for traveling. Because of the relative small and flat shape, it is easy to carry or place in one’s pocket. Most flasks has a capacity of about 16oz. or less. Although flasks have wide variety of shapes, they have similar “portable” size, and laterally compressed on two sides.

Due to the characteristic of flask bottles, travelers might be the major customers, and they might usually consume it outside when they are traveling. However, it is also possible to consume it at home, even uncommon. The portable characteristic also indicates its practical function and the possibility of reuse.

http://www.sha.org/bottle/liquor.htm#Dandy Flasks

Snake Oil? Nope, even better!

One bottle in my assemblage stood out in particular to me. It was a a brown bottle about 8 inches tall, ovoid with two flat sides, and had the word Ozomulsion prominently embossed onto it. “What in the world is Ozomulsion?” said a heavy eyed me as I wrapped up categorizing my bottles. Well little did I know, this little brown bottle once contained a miracle cure more powerful than snake venom! Ozomulsion was a patent medication which claimed to cure a host of ailments. The following picture is an advertizement from a turn of the 20th century New York newspaper The Argosy.

The be-all end-all miracle cure!

The be-all end-all miracle cure!

After finding out Ozomulsion was cod oil, I couldn’t help but think about the current fad to eat fish oil tablets, which seem to have some scientific backing. Perhaps there really is something to this Ozomulsion stuff after all. Come to think of it, I could use a cure for coughs, colds, grip (whatever that is), bronchitis, zombies, pneumonia, and everything else this mean world has to throw at me. Think that free sample bottle is still available?

We need better data–Stat!

So let’s get the problems out of the way first:

– Our counts are not evenly distributed across 1875 to 2014; we have one cluster of dates from the cemetery’s dedication in 1889 to 1920, and one cluster running roughly from 2001 to 2014. Between these clusters, it’s kind of a crapshoot.

– We should have planned ahead to randomize our sampling across the cemetery, but it was not to be (i.e. we didn’t think to).

– The sample size is very small.

– There are so many reburials in this cemetery, but they can be difficult to identify, and we do not have perfect knowledge of the site. Reinterment is likely the biggest external confounding factor for our seriation.

But still! We forge on, like true statistics-doers, eager to see what sort of vague, baseless pattern we can squeeze out from terrible data. To investigate the question of changes in title over time, I made a stacked bar chart as well as a stacked area chart—seeing both of them together makes them somewhat more useful for this rudimentary depiction of seriation (Figs. 1 and 2 – to be inserted later)

By far, most markers of men or women bear no reference to familial titles.  For traditionally men’s names, if there is any identifying information besides the name, extra-familial duty can be emphasized: reverends, cops, individuals who worked in the military can be marked in some way, either by simply listing their title, battalion, etc., or by a logo/insignia inscribed on the marker, but familial roles like “Father”, “Husband”, etc. are far less common and appear in far less variety than they do for traditional women’s names.

For these identified women, familial roles are far more emphasized. If there is any inscription besides the name and the dates of life, then the inscription usually includes “Wife”, “Mother”, or (less common) “Sister”. Other flights of fancy like “Mom” or “Nana” are also seen, especially more recently. We found two examples of markers that bore 4 or more familial titles for one person.

Perhaps this is indicative of a true pattern, but it is doubtful. Sure, the data is in line with our perceptions of how men and women were and are perceived, but the data are so poor it’s difficult to say much of anything.