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    https://bbgate.com/media/1-phenyl-2-nitropropene-synthesis.69/
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    3. Biomedicine: Phenylnitropropene has shown potential in biomedical applications, particularly in the design and synthesis of novel drugs and therapeutic agents. Its unique chemical structure allows for the development of targeted drug delivery systems, which can improve drug efficacy and reduce off-target side effects.

    Conclusion

    Phenylnitropropene, with its unique chemical composition and properties, represents a valuable compound in various scientific fields. Its potential applications in chemical synthesis, materials science, and biomedicine highlight the importance of continued research and exploration of this fascinating compound. As our understanding of phenylnitropropene and its derivatives deepens, we can anticipate the development of innovative solutions and technologies that address pressing challenges in healthcare, energy, and sustainability.

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  24. Synthesis, Chemical Composition, and Applications of ADB-PINACA: A Comprehensive Review

    Introduction

    The rapid evolution of the synthetic cannabinoid (SC) market has led to the emergence of numerous new compounds, each with unique chemical structures and pharmacological profiles. Among these, ADB-PINACA (also known as MAB-CHMINACA) has gained significant attention due to its potent psychoactive effects and widespread use as a recreational drug. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, chemical composition, and applications of ADB-PINACA, highlighting its significance in the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology.
    https://bbgate.com/media/adb-pinaca-synthesis.93/
    Synthesis of ADB-PINACA

    The synthesis of ADB-PINACA involves a series of chemical reactions, starting with the preparation of the starting material, 1-amino-3,3-dimethyloctane (ADBO). The ADBO is then reacted with 2-bromopropionyl bromide to form the corresponding bromide, which is subsequently reacted with 1-fluoro-2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethanone to yield ADB-PINACA. The synthesis process requires careful control of reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and pH, to ensure high yield and purity of the final product. The synthesized ADB-PINACA can be characterized using various analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

    Chemical Composition of ADB-PINACA

    ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, belonging to the class of compounds known as indazole carboxamides. Its chemical structure consists of a indazole ring, substituted at the 3-position by a piperidinylmethyl group, and at the 2-position by a carboxamido group. The carboxamido group is further substituted by a 3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl group, which in turn is attached to a pentyl chain. The presence of the pentyl chain and the indazole ring are characteristic features of SCs, which are known to interact with the cannabinoid receptors in the human body.

    Pharmacological Properties of ADB-PINACA

    ADB-PINACA has been shown to exhibit high affinity and efficacy at the cannabinoid receptors, particularly the CB1 receptor. Its potency is significantly higher than that of other commonly used SCs, such as JWH-018 and AM-2201, making it a popular choice among recreational users. The psychoactive effects of ADB-PINACA are similar to those of marijuana, but are often more intense and longer-lasting. However, the use of ADB-PINACA is associated with a higher risk of adverse effects, such as anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis, due to its high potency.

    Applications of ADB-PINACA

    The unique chemical structure and pharmacological properties of ADB-PINACA make it a valuable tool for studying the cannabinoid system and its role in various physiological processes. For instance, ADB-PINACA can be used to investigate the mechanisms of cannabinoid receptor activation and signaling, as well as the downstream effects on various signaling pathways. Furthermore, ADB-PINACA can be used to study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SCs, providing valuable insights into their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

    In addition to its research applications, ADB-PINACA also has potential therapeutic uses. For example, it may be useful in the development of novel treatments for pain, inflammation, and nausea, which are often associated with various medical conditions. However, further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of ADB-PINACA, and to determine its safety and efficacy in clinical settings.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, ADB-PINACA is a potent synthetic cannabinoid with a unique chemical structure and pharmacological profile. Its synthesis, chemical composition, and applications have been the subject of extensive research, providing valuable insights into the cannabinoid system and its role in human health and disease.

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  32. Synthesis, Chemical Composition, and Applications of ADB-PINACA: A Comprehensive Review

    Abstract:
    This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the synthesis, chemical composition, and applications of ADB-PINACA, a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. The study of its synthesis, structural properties, and applications is of great importance for understanding its pharmacological profile, potential therapeutic uses, and public health implications.
    https://bbgate.com/media/adb-pinaca-synthesis.93/
    Introduction:
    Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a class of designer drugs that mimic the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis. Among the various SCs, ADB-PINACA (N-((1-amino-3-phenyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)methyl)-3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-6-carboxamide) has gained significant attention due to its potency and widespread use. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the synthesis, chemical composition, and applications of ADB-PINACA.

    Synthesis of ADB-PINACA:
    The synthesis of ADB-PINACA involves several steps, including the reaction of 3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-6-carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride to form the corresponding acyl chloride, followed by the reaction with methylamine to produce the corresponding amide. The resulting intermediate is then reacted with 1-phenyl-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanone in the presence of a catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid, to yield ADB-PINACA.

    Chemical Composition of ADB-PINACA:
    ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that binds to cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Its chemical structure consists of a benzo[d]thiazole ring, which is substituted with a carboxamide group at the 6-position and a phenyl ring at the 3-position. The phenyl ring is further substituted with a piperidinyl group at the 2-position and a 1-amino-3-phenyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl group at the nitrogen atom.

    Applications of ADB-PINACA:
    ADB-PINACA has been widely used as a recreational drug due to its potent psychoactive effects. It has been found in various forms, such as herbal mixtures, e-liquids, and powders. Its high potency and widespread use have raised concerns about its potential health risks, including addiction, psychosis, and cardiovascular effects.

    On the other hand, the unique chemical structure of ADB-PINACA makes it a valuable tool for studying the pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors. Its high affinity and selectivity for CB1 and CB2 receptors make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel therapeutic agents for various diseases, such as pain, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders.

    Conclusion:
    In conclusion, ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist with a unique chemical structure and potent psychoactive effects. Its synthesis, chemical composition, and applications have been extensively studied, and its potential therapeutic uses have been identified. However, its widespread use as a recreational drug and potential health risks require further investigation. Further studies are needed to fully understand the pharmacological profile of ADB-PINACA and its potential therapeutic applications.

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  34. Composition, and Applications of ADB-PINACA: A Comprehensive Review

    Introduction

    The design and synthesis of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged as a significant area of interest in recent years. Among the various NPS, synthetic cannabinoids have gained considerable attention due to their potential for abuse and harmful effects. One such synthetic cannabinoid that has gained notoriety is ADB-PINACA (Methyl 2-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate), a potent agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, composition, and applications of ADB-PINACA.
    https://bbgate.com/media/adb-pinaca-synthesis.93/
    Synthesis of ADB-PINACA

    The synthesis of ADB-PINACA involves a series of chemical reactions, including the formation of the indazole ring, the introduction of the fluorobenzyl group, and the coupling of the carboxylic acid with the tertiary butyl ester. The synthesis process begins with the reaction of 4-fluorobenzylamine with ethyl chloroformate and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in the presence of a base, resulting in the formation of the corresponding carbamate. The resulting intermediate is then subjected to a cyclization reaction using phosphorus oxychloride to form the indazole ring. The fluorobenzyl group is introduced via a nucleophilic substitution reaction using potassium carbonate as a base. Finally, the carboxylic acid is coupled with the tertiary butyl ester using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a coupling agent, resulting in the formation of ADB-PINACA.

    Composition of ADB-PINACA

    ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid that is structurally similar to the natural cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana. However, ADB-PINACA is significantly more potent than THC and has a higher affinity for the CB1 receptor. The compound has a molecular weight of 413.5 g/mol and a molecular formula of C25H32FNO3. The presence of the fluorine atom at the 4-position of the benzyl group enhances the lipophilicity of the compound, thereby increasing its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with the CB1 receptor.

    Applications of ADB-PINACA

    ADB-PINACA has been identified as a component of various synthetic cannabinoid products that are sold as legal alternatives to marijuana. These products, commonly referred to as “spice” or “synthetic marijuana,” are marketed as legal and safe alternatives to marijuana but have been linked to numerous cases of severe toxicity and even death. The high potency and unpredictable effects of ADB-PINACA make it a compound of concern for public health officials.

    ADB-PINACA has also been investigated for its potential therapeutic applications. The compound has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, suggesting that it may have potential as a therapeutic agent for pain management. However, the high potency and potential for abuse of ADB-PINACA make it a compound of interest for further research.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid that has gained notoriety due to its potential for abuse and harmful effects. The compound is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions involving the formation of the indazole ring, the introduction of the fluorobenzyl group, and the coupling of the carboxylic acid with the tertiary butyl ester. ADB-PINACA has a molecular weight of 413.5 g/mol and a molecular formula of C25H32FNO3 and is significantly more potent than THC. While ADB-PINACA has been identified as a component of synthetic cannabinoid products, its high potency and unpredictable effects make it a compound of concern for public health officials. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential therapeutic applications of ADB-PINACA and its potential for abuse.

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  41. Unraveling the Chemical Composition and Applications of ADB-PINACA: A Comprehensive Study

    Introduction

    The rapid evolution of synthetic cannabinoids has posed significant challenges for researchers, forensic scientists, and policymakers alike. Among the plethora of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) that have emerged in recent years, ADB-PINACA (also known as ADBICA or MDMB-PINACA) has gained notoriety for its potent psychoactive effects and widespread use as a recreational drug. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the chemical composition, synthesis, and applications of ADB-PINACA, as well as its implications for public health and safety.
    https://bbgate.com/media/adb-pinaca-synthesis.93/
    Chemical Composition and Synthesis

    ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, belonging to the class of compounds known as indazole carboxamides. Its chemical name is methyl 2-(1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate, and its molecular formula is C~22H~34~N~2O~2. The compound is characterized by a pentyl chain attached to the indazole ring, a carboxamide group, and a dimethylbutanoate group. The presence of these functional groups and the specific arrangement of atoms contribute to the unique pharmacological profile of ADB-PINACA.

    The synthesis of ADB-PINACA typically involves a series of chemical reactions, starting with the preparation of the indazole ring. This is followed by the introduction of the pentyl chain, carboxamide group, and dimethylbutanoate group through a sequence of reactions, including alkylation, acylation, and amidation. The final product is then purified and characterized using various analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

    Pharmacological Effects and Applications

    ADB-PINACA exerts its pharmacological effects by binding to cannabinoid receptors, specifically CB1 receptors, which are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The activation of these receptors leads to a cascade of intracellular signaling events, ultimately resulting in various physiological and psychological responses.

    The psychoactive effects of ADB-PINACA are similar to those of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis. However, ADB-PINACA is reported to be significantly more potent than THC, with an EC50 value of approximately 0.1 nM for CB1 receptor activation, compared to 10-30 nM for THC. This enhanced potency is attributed to the unique structural features of ADB-PINACA, which allow it to penetrate the blood-brain barrier more efficiently and bind more strongly to CB1 receptors.

    The potent psychoactive effects of ADB-PINACA have prompted interest in its potential applications in the medical field. Preclinical studies have suggested that ADB-PINACA may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of various neurological disorders, such as chronic pain, spasticity, and movement disorders. However, its high potency and potential for abuse necessitate careful consideration and rigorous evaluation before clinical applications can be pursued.

    Public Health and Safety Implications

    The widespread use of ADB-PINACA as a recreational drug poses significant public health and safety concerns. The compound’s high potency and unpredictable pharmacological effects increase the risk of acute and chronic health issues, including psychosis, dependency, and cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, the lack of standardization and quality control in the production and distribution of ADB-PINACA contribute to the inconsistency of its composition and potency, further exacerbating the risks associated with its use.

    In response to these challenges, it is crucial to develop effective strategies for the detection, monitoring, and regulation of ADB-PINACA and other synthetic cannabinoids. This includes the implementation of robust analytical methods for the identification and quantification of these substances in biological samples and various matrices, such as plant material, powder, and liquids. Additionally, the establishment of international collaborations and information-sharing platforms among researchers, forensic scientists, and

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  44. The Chemical Composition and Applications of ADB-PINACA: A Comprehensive Review

    Introduction

    ADB-PINACA (Methyl-2-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido]-3-methylbutanoate) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its increasing use as a recreational drug. This compound is a member of the indazole-3-carboxamide class of synthetic cannabinoids, which are known for their high potency and affinity for cannabinoid receptors. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the chemical composition and applications of ADB-PINACA.
    https://bbgate.com/media/adb-pinaca-synthesis.93/
    Chemical Composition

    ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid that is structurally similar to THC, the primary psychoactive compound found in cannabis. However, ADB-PINACA is significantly more potent than THC, with reported EC50 values ranging from 0.11 to 0.32 nM (1). The compound is characterized by a indazole-3-carboxamide core structure, which is substituted with a 4-fluorobenzyl group at the 1-position and a 3-methylbutanoic acid group at the 2-position. The presence of the fluorine atom on the benzyl group increases the lipophilicity of the compound, which in turn enhances its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with cannabinoid receptors.

    Synthesis of ADB-PINACA involves a series of chemical reactions, including the formation of the indazole ring, the introduction of the fluorine atom, and the attachment of the various substituents. The synthesis process requires careful control of reaction conditions, including temperature, pressure, and pH, to ensure the formation of the desired product with high purity and yield.

    Applications of ADB-PINACA

    Despite its notoriety as a recreational drug, ADB-PINACA has potential applications in medical and research settings. Its high potency and affinity for cannabinoid receptors make it a valuable tool for studying the endocannabinoid system, which plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including pain, mood, and appetite. For example, ADB-PINACA can be used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the psychoactive effects of cannabinoids, as well as their potential therapeutic applications.

    Moreover, ADB-PINACA can be used to develop novel medications for the treatment of various medical conditions. For instance, synthetic cannabinoids have shown promise in the management of chronic pain, spasticity, and nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. However, the development of new medications based on ADB-PINACA requires extensive preclinical and clinical studies to establish their safety and efficacy.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid with a unique chemical composition and a wide range of applications. Its high potency and affinity for cannabinoid receptors make it a valuable tool for studying the endocannabinoid system and developing new medications. However, the use of ADB-PINACA as a recreational drug raises significant public health concerns, including the risk of addiction, psychosis, and other adverse effects. Therefore, it is essential to regulate the production, distribution, and use of ADB-PINACA to ensure its safe and effective use in medical and research settings.

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