Despite being a former English major, I always found myself floundering when it came to conversations on literary time periods as generally accepted and referenced by people within the discipline. Now, working as a Reference Specialist (though the queries sent my way go far beyond the scope of English literature), I wanted to work on a project in the context of creating library resources about how information is accessed, shared, curated, and obfuscated. Using the literary time periods as a case study, I combined my interest in the tools of Digital Humanities to create a resource for students, faculty, the public, etc. that would be accessible, useful, and engaging.
The software I used to create the timeline is a free tool called TimelineJS. In addition to highlighting resources (articles, books, journals) from the University of Washington library, I wanted to include relevant nods to popular media including fiction, op-eds, comics, memes, and television. In doing so, I hoped to create a resource that suggested ways of knowing and knowledge creation beyond the sometimes rigid confines of traditional Academic Research.
This timeline is not meant to be the end of the conversation- it is intended to function as a tool to engage the user in ongoing conversations and give them an inside route to understanding some of the references, terminology, and foundational elements that are so often thrown around with the assumption of automatic understanding.
Works Cited
Crash Course in Literary Periods
columbianguy. “I’m WillyShakes.” Tag Yourself / Tag Your Friends, 2017, https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1193698-tag-yourself-tag-your-friends.
Classical Period
Headgum. “Stop! Homer Time: The Illiad- Episode 0.” Overdue, Spotify, 2023, https://open.spotify.com/episode/0b92J0mof8k1jDcE0ezeEN?si=bUCp57m5TcmkrzgVU29MMQ.
Homeric or Heroic Period
Dunn, Daisy. “Who Was Homer?” The British Museum, 22 Jan. 2020, www.britishmuseum.org/blog/who-was-homer.
Homer. The Iliad. Translated by Caroline Alexander, First edition., Ecco, 2015. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99131159420001452.
Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Albert Cook, [1st ed.]., Norton, 1967. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99131159420001452.
“Tales from the Public Domain.” The Simpsons, season 13, episode 14, Fox, 17 March 2002. https://vimeo.com/53622238.
“Was Homer Real? The Truth About the ‘Author’ of the Odyssey and Iliad.” YouTube, 5 Jan. 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=et5pkMNFrxU. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Classical Greek Period
Callard, Agnes. “Should We Cancel Aristotle?” The New York Times, 21 July 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/opinion/should-we-cancel-aristotle.html.
Cowell, James H. Rescuing Socrates How the Great Books Changed My Life and Why They Matter for a New Generation /. David S. Harris, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/openurl?institution=01ALLIANCE_UW&rfr_id=info:sid%252Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com-bX-Bx&rfr_id=info:sid%2Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com-174208236-Bx&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:&rft_id=info:doi%2F&rft.eisbn_list=&resource_type=book&rft.isbn_list=&rft.btitle=Rescuing%20Socrates%20:%20how%20the%20great%20books%20changed%20my%20life%20and%20why%20they%20matter%20for%20a%20new%20generation%20%2F&rft.genre=book&svc_dat=CTO&vid=01ALLIANCE_UW:UW&lang=en.
Disney+. I Am Smart The Princess Bride GIF by Disney +. 5 Jan. 2020. GIPHY, https://giphy.com/gifs/L33oPLIhkxgAnO3nz1. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Dorsen, Annie. “Plato, Procedures, and Artificial Everything.” TDR : Drama Review, vol. 63, no. 4, 2019, pp. 113–20, https://doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00878.
“Sappho.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/sappho. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Classical Roman Period
Fantham, Elaine. Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Oxford University Press, 2004, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99140360540001452.
Krause, Paul Joseph. “OVID’S METAMORPHOSES: FULL SUMMARY & ANALYSIS.” YouTube, YouTube, 28 Sept. 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXAiuYxKLz4.
Libatique, Daniel. “Ovid in the #MeToo Era.” Helios (Lubbock), vol. 48, no. 1, 2021, pp. 57–75, https://doi.org/10.1353/hel.2021.0004.
Mackie, Chris. “Guide to the Classics: Virgil’s Aeneid.” La Trobe University, La Trobe University, 31 Jan. 2023, www.latrobe.edu.au/news/articles/2017/opinion/guide-to-the-classics-virgilsaeneid.
MacLaughlin, Nina. Nina MacLaughlin, www.ninamaclaughlin.com/. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Wasson, Donald L.. “Roman Literature.” World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 27 Sep 2017. Web. 14 Oct 2024.
“An Introduction to Ancient Roman Literature.” YouTube, World History Encyclopedia, 13 June 2023, www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMSv5iR5wmo.
Patristic Period
Bloom, Harold. The Bible. Chelsea House, 1987, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99111365920001452.
Gannuscio, Alexander James. “The Ungodly Walk in a Circle: Borges, Saint Augustine, and Circular Time.” Variaciones Borges, vol. 53, no. 53, 2022, pp. 191–210, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/db578v/cdi_gale_lrcgauss_A703981006.
The Encyclopedia of Catholic Saints. [1st American ed.]., Chilton Books, 1966, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99123731890001452.
Types of Bible Translations. The Chara Project, The Chara Project, https://www.thecharaproject.com/choosing-a-bible-version. Accessed 2024.
The Medieval Period
anachronisticfairytales. “The Lady of the Lake.” Tumblr, 31 Mar. 2012, www.tumblr.com/houseofsighs/22717061944/anachronisticfairytales-the-lady-of-the-lake.
Old-English/Anglo Saxon Period
Baker, Anaya M. “7 Common Features of Old English Literature.” Owlcation, The Arena Media Brands, LLC, 13 Nov. 2023, owlcation.com/humanities/Common-Elements-in-Old-English-Literature.
Caedmon. “Caedmon’s Hymn.” Translated by Roy M. Liuzza, Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, 2021, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/159193/caedmon39s-hymn.
Cockburn, Calum. “A Reading of the Opening Lines of Beowulf in Old English.” YouTube, British Library, 19 Apr. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=QT5nja2Wy28.
Headley, Maria Dahvana. The Mere Wife. First edition., MCD, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99162126328301452.
lola.engs. “reading beowulf.” Spotify, 27 Sep. 2021, https://open.spotify.com/playlist/3jpMDn30nSMY72XQQMX7IZ?si=vYIy7sUiRsSWRJxc7DRfHw.
Zemeckis, Robert, director. Beowulf. Paramount Pictures, 2007, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLukQJO5SH8. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Middle English Period
@alitescape, Celeste. “Arthurian Retellings Reading List.” A Literary Escape, 11 Dec. 2023, aliteraryescape.com/2023/05/17/arthurian-retellings-reading-list/.
Banks, Theodore Howard. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. F.S. Crofts & Co., 1929, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99136401120001452.
@britlit2-0. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and BBC’s Merlin.” Tumblr, 18 Sept. 2013, www.tumblr.com/britlit2-0/61604766224/sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight-and-bbcs-merlin?source=share.
Cohen, Barbara, and Geoffrey Chaucer. Canterbury Tales. Illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman, First edition., Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1988, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99123588630001452.
Malory, Thomas, and John Matthews. Le Morte d’Arthur. Complete, Unabridged, new Ill. ed., Cassell, 2000, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99149332100001452.
“The Great Vowel Shift.” Harvard’s Geoffrey Chaucer Website, Harvard University, chaucer.fas.harvard.edu/pages/great-vowel-shift. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
The Renaissance & Reformation
mxmtoon. “mona lisa.” Spotify, 2022, https://open.spotify.com/track/5Nc3vGiiHFyQegUNjsboj9?si=5cb499f1bc964f3d.
Early Tudor Period
Ágústsdóttir, Ingibjörg. “The Tudor Period Popular in Literature and Films.” University of Iceland, english.hi.is/the_tudor_period_popular_in_literature_and_films. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
English School. King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Postcard, early 20th century. Look and Learn, https://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/M371106/King-Henry-VIII-and-Anne-Boleyn?t=1&q=Henry+VIII+and+Anne+Boleyn&n=4. Accessed 2024.
“English Literature: The Tudors and the Elizabethan Age.” Infoplease, The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2024, www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/arts/english-lit/20th-century-plus/english-literature/the-tudors-and-the-elizabethan-age.
SIX. Six: The Musical (Studio Cast Recording). Spotify, 2018, https://open.spotify.com/album/5jTDaLFNQovRyjNcWe4cZh?si=3ZzrxNxRSs-aosZzRWV2Gg.
Spenser, Edmund. The Faerie Queene / Edmund Spenser ; Introduction by J.W. Hales : V.2. Dent ; Dutton, 1910, 1910, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/db578v/cdi_hathitrust_hathifiles_uc1_31970007778027.
“The Tudors.” IMDb, IMDb.com, 1 Apr. 2007, www.imdb.com/title/tt0758790/.
Elizabethan Period
Adams, Lizzy Duffy. “Born with Teeth.” Liz Duffy Adams, 2022, lizduffyadams.com/born-with-teeth.
Madden, John, director. Shakespeare in Love. Panorama, 1998, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5R5La5f3eo.
Shukla, Vedangi. “Characteristics of the Elizabethan – Shakespearean Age.” Easy Litt, 17 Apr. 2019, easylitt.blogspot.com/2019/04/features-of-Elizabethan-Shakespearean-age-characteristics.html.
Sidney, Philip. Sir Philip Sidney’s Defense of Poesy. Edited by Lewis Soens, University of Nebraska Press, 1970, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99128921040001452.
Winkler, Elizabeth. “Elizabeth Winkler on How Doubting Shakespeare Became the Biggest Taboo in Literature.” YouTube, Shakespeare Oxford Fellowship, 16 June 2023, www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kN09LfI2NQ.
Jacobean Period
“Ben Jonson.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ben-jonson. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Lovelace, Richard, and Cyril Hackett Wilkinson. The Poems of Richard Lovelace. Clarendon Press, 1930, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99107746080001452.
Matthew, David. “James I.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 4 Sept. 2024, www.britannica.com/biography/James-I-king-of-England-and-Scotland.
StudySmarter Editorial Team. “Jacobean Age.” StudySmarter UK, www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/english-literature/literary-movements/jacobean-age/. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
“Mary & George.” IMDb, IMDb.com, 5 Apr. 2024, www.imdb.com/title/tt26246248/?ref_=nm_flmg_job_1_cred_c_3.
Caroline Period
Fincken, Ella. “Renaissance and Revolution Series: The Cavalier Poets.” Arcadia, 16 Apr. 2023, www.byarcadia.org/post/renaissance-and-revolution-101-the-cavalier-poets.
LAIKA Studios. Stop Motion Whatever GIF by LAIKA studios. 22 Jan. 2021. GIPHY, https://giphy.com/gifs/xRLXM0hbVtyYyfNCa4. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Lynch, Jack. Caroline Age, jacklynch.net/Terms/caroline.html. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Post, Jonathan F. S. Sir Thomas Browne. Twayne Publishers, 1987, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99119027620001452.
Rosen, Jonathan. “Return to Paradise: The Enduring Relevance of John Milton.” The New Yorker, 26 May 2008, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/06/02/return-to-paradise.
Stocker, Margarita, and John Milton. Paradise Lost. Macmillan, 1988, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99146966620001452.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Platonic Love.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., www.britannica.com/topic/Platonic-love. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
filmeditor. Sorry Home Alone GIF by filmeditor. 7 Dec. 2016. GIPHY, https://giphy.com/gifs/3ohA2ZD9EkeK2AyfdK. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Commonwealth Period/Puritan Interregnum
Dunne, John. “Death, Be Not Proud (Holy Sonnet 10).” Poets.Org, Academy of American Poets, 12 June 2019, poets.org/poem/death-be-not-proud-holy-sonnet-10.
Hudson, Winthrop S. “Mystical Religion in the Puritan Commonwealth.” The Journal of Religion, vol. 28, no. 1, 1948, pp. 51–56, https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/db578v/cdi_proquest_journals_1290656278.
Sajjad, Qaiser. “Commonwealth Period in English Literature || Major Events || Writers and Works.” YouTube, YouTube, 16 Apr. 2023, www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlKf7f9_4SI.
“John Donne Sermons: Digital Collections.” John Donne Sermons, BYU Library, lib.byu.edu/collections/john-donne-sermons/. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
“Some Humans Afraid of Death John Donne – Disaster Girl Meme Generator.” Make a Meme, makeameme.org/meme/some-humans-afraid. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
“The Story of Theatre.” Victoria and Albert Museum, www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the-story-of-theatre#:~:text=In%201642%20civil%20war%20broke,theatre%20performers%2C%20managers%20and%20writers. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
Enlightenment (Neoclassical) Period
Jackson, Christopher. “Cabinet Battle #1.” Spotify, 2015, https://open.spotify.com/track/3TfKt8mPpdXfQTMfRjHzyz?si=a193166359e04d8b.
Restoration Period
Aiken, Diane, and Lindsay Milbourne. “The Restoration and the 18th Century.” British Literature Wiki, sites.udel.edu/britlitwiki/the-restoration-and-the-18th-century/. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024.
“Austerity.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/austerity. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024.
Linsenmayer, Mark. “EP. 258: Locke on Acquiring Simple Ideas (Part Two): The Partially Examined Life Philosophy Podcast: A Philosophy Podcast and Blog.” The Partially Examined Life Philosophy Podcast | A Philosophy Podcast and Philosophy Blog, 11 Apr. 2022, partiallyexaminedlife.com/2020/12/14/ep-258-2-locke-simple-ideas/.
Standjofski, Alexander. “John Locke’s Philosophy: Five Key Ideas.” TheCollector, 26 July 2024, www.thecollector.com/john-locke-philosophy-key-ideas/.
Augustan Age
Parisot, Eric. “Graveyard Poetry.” Archives and Special Collections, library.unimelb.edu.au/asc/whats-on/exhibitions/dark-imaginings/gothicresearch/graveyard-poetry. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024.
Prakash, Mohan. “NEO- CLASSICAL AGE or AUGUSTAN AGE or THE AGE OF REASON [1700-1798].” University College of Arts, Tumkur University, tumkuruniversity.ac.in/oc_ug/lang/Neo classical age notes 1.pdf. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024.
Tomalin, Marcus. “Justifying Alexander Pope’s Unjustifiable Rhymes.” The Review of English Studies, vol. 71, no. 300, 2020, pp. 486–507, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz124.
Age of Johnson
Ferber, Michael. “Sensibility.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 23 Sept. 2010, academic.oup.com/book/842/chapter/135454544?login=true.
Gopnik, Adam. “Man of Fetters.” The New Yorker, 1 Dec. 2008, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/12/08/man-of-fetters.
Johnson, Samuel. A Dictionary of the English Language. W. Tegg & co., 1850, 1850. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/db578v/cdi_hathitrust_hathifiles_loc_ark_13960_t72v3v45n.
Romantic Period
@andrearaereads. “Keeping Him Close to Home.” TikTok, 2023, www.tiktok.com/@andrearaereads/video/7218258738417929518?is_from_webapp=1&web_id=7423471798140995103.
BarefootBaby. “La Belle Dame Sans Merci Read by Ben Whishaw.” YouTube, 5 Nov. 2009, youtu.be/qL-L8ExX3kQ.
British Library. “The Gothic.” YouTube, YouTube, 6 June 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNohDegnaOQ.
Brontë, Emily. Wuthering Heights. Edited by Paul M. (Paul Milton) Fulcher, Macmillan Co., 1929. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99140227220001452.
CrimeReads. “The 25 Most Terrifyingly Beautiful Edgar Allan Poe Illustrations.” CrimeReads, 26 Oct. 2018, crimereads.com/the-25-most-terrifyingly-beautiful-edgar-allan-poe-illustrations/.
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. “Transcendentalism.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 10 Sept. 2024, www.britannica.com/event/Transcendentalism-American-movement.
FREER, ALEXANDER. “A Genealogy of Narcissism: Percy Shelley’s Self-Love.” Nineteenth-Century Literature, vol. 74, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2019.74.1.1.
Fry, Naomi. “The Aesthetic Splendor of ‘the Simpsons.’” The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 13 Mar. 2020, www.newyorker.com/culture/rabbit-holes/the-aesthetic-splendor-of-the-simpsons.
Gay, Peter. Why the Romantics Matter. Yale University Press, 2015. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99161826856301452.
Keats, John. “La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44475/la-belle-dame-sans-merci-a-ballad. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024.
“La Belle Dame Sans Merci.” Spotify, open.spotify.com/playlist/2w39gCxUYl2kFGF3a5Xl3X?si=RHjNyXeaR3mg9NSSlG93ng&nd=1&dlsi=9c9751a668a143aa.. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024.
Lane, Anthony. “Lord Byron Was More Than Just Byronic.” The New Yorker, 26 Feb. 2024, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/03/04/byron-a-life-in-ten-letters-andrew-stauffer-book-review.
Marcus, James. “Thoreau in Love.” The New Yorker, 11 Oct. 2021, www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/thoreau-in-love.
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein. Dent, 1921. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99150570880001452.
Singh, Sachin. “John Keats, the World’s Worst Wingman.” The Stanford Daily, 8 Dec. 2023, stanforddaily.com/2023/12/08/john-keats-the-worlds-worst-wingman/.
Youngs, Ian. “Margot Robbie and Jacob Elordi’s Wuthering Heights Casting Fails to Impress Fans.” BBC News, BBC, 24 Sept. 2024, www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm29e7pm9l9o.
Zinger, Aaron. “Would Mary Shelley Listen to Taylor Swift?” Outlandish Claims, Outlandish Claims, 25 July 2024, outlandishclaims.substack.com/p/would-mary-shelley-listen-to-taylor.
Victorian Period
“An Introduction to the Aesthetic Movement.” Victoria and Albert Museum, www.vam.ac.uk/articles/an-introduction-to-the-aesthetic-movement#:~:text=The%20Aesthetic%20Movement%20in%20Britain,’Art%20for%20Art’s%20sake’. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
Arias, Rosario. “The Supernatural.” Oxford Bibliographies, Oxford Universities Press, 29 July 2020, www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199799558/obo-9780199799558-0157.xml.
Diniejko, Andrzej. “Victorian Spiritualism.” Victorian Web, 17 July 2016, victorianweb.org/victorian/religion/spirit.html.
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. “Naturalism.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 5 Sept. 2024, www.britannica.com/topic/naturalism-art.
Freedgood, Elaine. Worlds Enough: The Invention of Realism in the Victorian Novel. 1st ed., Princeton University Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691194301.
Jingle Jingle. “‘I’m Teriffically Busy with My Ennui.’” Tumblr, 64.media.tumblr.com/ffc08b39d529d8d528179b304083819d/bf2bdd5ca0e6cedf-c8/s540x810/b3452026e9e423ea111ba344e8996358566ba7bc.pnj. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
Joseph, Philip. “Regionalism.” Oxford Bibliographies, Oxford Universities Press, 6 Apr. 2022, www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199827251/obo-9780199827251-0197.xml#:~:text=obo%2F9780199827251%2D0197-,Introduction,representations%20of%20broad%20territorial%20range
Manion, Genevieve. “My Victorian Nightmare.” Spotify, open.spotify.com/show/15h4sm3w9DtWRcywgFlzOU?si=775f043619de460b. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
NG, Admin. “10 Facts about Queen Victoria!” National Geographic Kids, National Geographic, 30 Jan. 2024, www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/history/monarchy/ten-facts-about-queen-victoria/.
Santoni, Manuela. “Le Sorelle Brontë (Brontë Sisters): Manuela Santoni.” Le Sorelle Brontë (Brontë Sisters) | Manuela Santoni, Nov. 2018, www.manuelasantoni.com/en/graphic-novel-sorelle-bronte.
Tate. “Fin De Siècle.” Tate, www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/f/fin-de-siecle. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
thecoolidge. “The Muppet Christmas Carol.” YouTube, YouTube, 5 Dec. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXaVI60BFJM.
“Tooth and Claw.” Doctor Who, season 2, episode 2, BBC 1, 22 April 2006. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbcxZL7PMaM.
@williamoscvr. “#oscarwilde.” TikTok, 14 Aug. 2024, www.tiktok.com/@williamoscvr/video/7402942723822472453.
Modern Period
Alaimo O’Donnell, Angela. “Ernest Hemingway Was a Brilliant Writer and a Terrible Person. Discuss.” America Magazine, 13 Apr. 2021, www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2021/04/09/ernest-hemingway-ken-burns-pbs-documentary-240420.
Als, Hilton. “The Making and Unmaking of James Baldwin.” The New Yorker, 9 Feb. 1998, www.newyorker.com/magazine/1998/02/16/the-enemy-within-hilton-als.
Bell, Darrin. “‘Two Roads Diverged…’” Www.Candorville.Com, 2009, i.pinimg.com/originals/be/fd/15/befd150335609a9707e7023af9be0ebf.jpg.
The Fangirl Channel. “Tom Hiddleston as F. Scott Fitzgerald (Midnight in Paris 2011).” YouTube, YouTube, 18 Dec. 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIcTbQj4bZw.
“Gertrude Stein.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/gertrude-stein. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
Harlem Renaissance, National Gallery of Art, www.nga.gov/learn/teachers/lessons-activities/uncovering-america/harlem-renaissance.html. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
Haynes, Suyin. “The True Story of Virginia Woolf and Vita Sackville-West.” Time, Time, 23 Aug. 2019, time.com/5655270/virginia-woolf-vita-sackville-west-relationship/.
“Langston Hughes.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/langston-hughes. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
Parrish, R.E. “Mrs Dalloway: The Gritty Reboot.” Observable, 9 Mar. 2020, observablehq.com/@natalia340/https-pbs-twimg-com-media-dnlmoqhxcaas4td-jpg.
Sam Dresser, Aeon. “Freud versus Jung: A Bitter Feud over the Meaning of Sex.” Scroll.In, Scroll.in, 26 Nov. 2018, scroll.in/article/902702/freud-versus-jung-a-bitter-feud-over-the-meaning-of-sex.
“The ‘Jazz Age’ and the ‘Lost Generation’ Revisited.” The Cambridge History of American Literature, vol. 6, Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 108–24, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521497312.017.
Wayne, Bruce. “Dickinson – Meet Death Ft. Wiz Khalifa and Hailee Steinfeld 4K HDR.” YouTube, YouTube, 20 Dec. 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dSDK4r0Gfo.
William Butler Yeats – Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Tue. 29 Oct 2024. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1923/yeats/biographical/.
Postmodern Period
Atwood, Margaret, et al. The Handmaid’s Tale. First edition., Nan A. Talese, Doubleday, 2019. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99162204531101452.
Arant, Elizabeth. “What to Do When Someone Asks If You’ve Ever Read Vonnegut.” McSweeney’s Internet Tendency, 14 Aug. 2018, www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/what-to-do-when-someone-asks-if-youve-ever-read-vonnegut.
Chesi, Giulia Maria, and Francesca Spiegel, editors. Classical Literature and Posthumanism. Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99162644606901452.
Facoory, Emily. “13 of the Best Magical Realism Books Nominated for the Booker Prizes.” The Booker Prizes, 21 Feb. 2024, thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/features/the-best-magical-realism-books-nominated-for-the-booker-prizes.
Grabowski, Daniel. Metafiction, Oxford Open Learning, 17 June 2024, www.ool.co.uk/blog/metafiction/#:~:text=Aware%20of%20his%20made%2Dup,Deadpool%20Kills%20the%20Marvel%20Universe.
Greenbaum, Theodore. “Memes Are the Quintessential Postmodern Art Form.” Medium, Medium, 5 Dec. 2020, theodoregreenbaum.medium.com/memes-are-the-quintessential-postmodern-art-form-5fa5f694fdb0.
Lorde, Audre. “Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power.” Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches, 1984, www.centraleurasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/audre_lorde_cool-beans.pdf.
Lyons, Siobhan. “Obscurantism & the Language of Excess.” Philosophy Now: A Magazine of Ideas, 2014, philosophynow.org/issues/104/Obscurantism_and_The_Language_of_Excess.
Morrison, Toni. The Origin of Others. Harvard University Press, 2017. https://orbiscascade-washington.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01ALLIANCE_UW/1juclfo/alma99162436262001452.
What Comes Next?
bitchdantkillmyvibe. “What Are Your Modern Nominations for Entry in the Literary Canon in the Years to Come?” R/Literature, Reddit, 2021, www.reddit.com/r/literature/comments/qmglrf/what_are_your_modern_nominations_for_entry_in_the/.
Gentile, Dylan. “Tik Tok Trend May Explain What Comes after Postmodernism.” The Voyager, 29 Jan. 2023, uwfvoyager.com/3112/opinion/tik-tok-trend-may-explain-what-comes-after-postmodernism/.
Mullins, Matthew. “The Last -Ism?” OUPblog, Oxford University Press, 7 Sept. 2016, blog.oup.com/2016/08/historical-categories-postmodernism/.
The New York Times Books Staff. “The 100 Best Books of the 21st Century.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 8 July 2024, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/books/best-books-21st-century.html.
Truong, Dan. “Post-Postmodernism: Where Does It End?” HuffPost, HuffPost, 27 May 2016, www.huffpost.com/entry/postpostmodernism-where-d_b_7451724.
Vulture Editors. “A Premature Attempt at the 21st Century Literary Canon.” Vulture, Vulture, 17 Sept. 2018, www.vulture.com/article/best-books-21st-century-so-far.html.