Food Globalisation

During our contemplative exercise in class, I recognized how I play a role as a consumer in the international food system, and that I could be doing a better job in deciding on how I decide to source my own food, and that I can myself do a better job in making sure I don’t add to the evils of the international food chain by becoming a consumer by supporting an industry full of exploiting cheap labor and land across the world.

In a recent article I read, it was reported that almost 70% of produce and grains in an average country’s diet come from a different place, and to me this is astonishing. This just proves to me that the development of agriculture and mass production of foods can be used as an economic tool, but I do not believe that food should not be something that is used to create an economic gain.

Food should be something that helps aid economic gain by helping nourish the population of your country, as making sure everyone has a healthy diet is a key factor to ensure the health of people around the country. Food should be local and traceable, and the contemplative practice in class helped me realize that!

Far-away treats

Studying the complexities of the world food system from my home is humbling at times. How am I connected to it and how can I, an individual, make a difference in the grand scheme of things? The contemplative practices from this class have both amplified this feeling of smallness and helped me gain insight to my reactions to the things I am learning. One practice, on contemplating chocolate, particularly stuck with me. Prior to the practice, two videos were assigned; one documenting child labor on cacao farms on the Ivory Coast, and another on cocoa farmers tasting chocolate for the first time.

I find previewing content like this to be insightful and to provide context that is larger than myself. I admired the hard work of these farmers, and how they were so grateful to be tasting the product from the cacao beans they so tirelessly produce. For a second, I felt so greedy that I can have all the chocolate I desire, yet the people who produce this taken-for-granted treat are mostly unaware of it, and are totally fine without it. I am reminded of the entrenched inequities in our food systems, global hunger, and the fight for food sovereignty as I think of the commodity chain of this chocolate I eat.

It makes me wonder what I truly need in my life, and what American capitalist society tells me I need. I certainly do not need chocolate, or many other products that begin in different hemispheres from me. Yet, I still continue to buy such foods, like chocolate, oranges, coffee, and many more delights that are the result of exploited labor. But in reality, I do not believe me changing my consumption habits makes much of a difference in the grand scheme of things, yet I can try. I wonder, however, why am I so privileged to be the beneficiary of the commodities of the world food system?

Map of global chocolate production and consumption. The top consumers live so far away from the treats they enjoy!

 

Cacao fruit with harvest tool.

Image sources:

https://medium.com/@jerrytoth/whats-wrong-with-cacao-farming-d33ec4a949b2

https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-euHLRk7EPJ4/UQgwseW_v4I/AAAAAAAAB1c/ejkQArr_hgY/s1600/chocolate.jpg

 

Am I Actually Hungry or Do I Just Want Food?

I am someone who loves food. I spend mindless hours scrolling through my Instagram feed and take great joy in experimenting with recipes and trying new foods. In doing the contemplative practice on hunger, I began to consider my own consumption habits. I found myself realizing that I am not very familiar with the feeling of hunger. I eat my meals throughout the day out of habit, regardless of whether I am hungry. I often snack out of boredom, especially now that I am cooped up while under quarantine. 

After doing this contemplative practice, I became more mindful of when I am actually hungry. I then applied this to my younger brothers. Instead of making them lunch at the same time every day, I began to wait until they told me that they were hungry. My parents often struggle with getting the youngest one to eat and much to their surprise he cleaned his plate and asked for seconds. 

My brothers with some paella that they absolutely demolished.

I am also taking a class on early childhood development and this week we are learning about how environmental factors shape children’s development. This also applies to food. As a culture, we are taught that we must eat three meals a day at set times. This teaches kids to ignore their hunger cues and simply eat when they are told to. Surely, this must play a role in our food system. How many people consume much more than they are actually hungry for because they have been taught these cultural norms? Over the past few days, I have found myself toying with the question of what would happen if everyone simply ate what they were hungry for. I don’t have an answer yet, but would it help balance the gap between the people with plentiful food and the people going hungry?

Thinking More Deeply About Hunger

For how much food is such important to every person’s everyday life, I think it says very important things about the life I am able to live where I don’t need to worry about my hunger. Because I don’t need to worry about my access to food it and answer to questions I have about my hunger may seem as simple to me as, “if you are hungry, then eat.” It is often difficult for me to think about the such substantial amount of hunger that is in the world if I have never experienced it myself. It was very important for me to take time to listen to and digest the thoughts of how abundant hunger is in the world and how debilitating it can be.

One thing that I think really helped me better understand the point of this contemplative practice was that I went into it having barely eaten anything in almost 24 hours. In the buildup to this exercise I found myself being able to barely focus on anything other that how hungry I was. I felt more tired, it was more difficult to concentrate on classes, and my body felt uncomfortable.

Once I was able to settle and listen to the contemplative practice I was able to think more deeply not just about how hunger was affecting me at that moment, but how people experience that feeling that I had nearly every day without the ability to even know when they could eat next or how much they are able to eat. I think in a class like ours when we take the systems approach to things like hunger, it can often be difficult for us to think about these issues more individually, I think it can really help us understand what people are going through if we take time and really think about how hunger can affect ourselves and others.

 

Photo Credit: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/oct/13/food-diet-what-you-eat-affects-brain-health-dementia#img-1

Insight Into Yourself

I took Pol S 384 with Karen last fall and took the in-class contemplative practices with her, but I didn’t feel the power of it until our first in-class practice this quarter. The whole practice was about a simple question: How are you? But I felt energized and refreshed after that.

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the uncertainty of a new learning style, and the stress of being alone in a country away from home made me feel depressed and stressed out. I could not stop worrying about the exacerbating problems of COVID-19 and focus on my study. However, through the practice, I calmed down and started to feel the innermost emotions and energy.

Follow Karen’s guiding questions and her soft, gentle voice, I began to ask myself: who am I? Do I feel good now? How can I live and study normally if the world is normal? Can I keep being healthy and optimistic under such huge anxiety? What if I take a break and accept all the unusual things as the new normal?

After the ten minutes of asking myself and seeking for answers, I was clearer about what I should do and realized that I was trapped in negative thoughts and it’s OK to be not OK. I felt full of power and energy after doing that contemplative practice. I became efficient and positive about life again. In my opinion, contemplative practices give us an opportunity to focus on our thoughts and have some insight into the problem. That’s why I like to do the practice right before our class. It helps me settle down to be prepared for the class. And I especially like the in-class ones, since they make me feel the class is united and we are all together in this extremely hard time.

日落, 海, 波罗的海, 字符, 男子, 女子, 晚上, 太阳, 性质, 海岸, 体质, 暮光之城, 心情

Thoughts on Bananas and Interconnectivity

Bananas in the Supermarket.

I ate a banana in the morning. It wasn’t a particularly special banana. It was mushy in some parts. It tasted exactly like a bunch of other bananas I’ve eaten before. I bought it during one of my trips to the store because my mom said that our home was low on fruits. That banana was just one of the millions of bananas harvested around the world. Like those millions of bananas, it was packaged. Then it was shipped across the globe by various means of transportation before ending up at that fateful store where I bought it. 

It’s easy to not think about where our food comes from and mindlessly buy it and consume it, but the fact that I can buy bananas harvested in China before going the next aisle over and picking up a can of coffee beans harvested from Colombia and then going to the produce aisle to get some meat that came from a local Washington farm. Just imaging and contemplating that interconnectivity, it’s stunning that our society and our food system has evolved so quickly from being a primarily local endeavor to one that is international in its scale. 

However, it raises questions and worries; our food system is more interconnected than ever. However, it’s also more vulnerable than ever because no longer are problems like bad harvests confined locally; they are now problems that have to be dealt with internationally. Not only that, but this interconnectivity has allowed for abundance, some would even say overabundance of food into our lives. Yet, we still have people in areas going hungry because this abundance is not shared equally amongst the international population. These problems raise the question, has our interconnectivity widened the gap between the haves and the have-nots?, If so is there even a way to make meaningful change is such a large and interconnected food system? 

Is Your Hunger Natural or Affluent?

Image courtesy of: https://www.opploans.com/oppu/articles/wants-vs-needs/

Our April 28th contemplative practice invited us to reacquaint ourselves with hunger, an ostensibly basic human experience. Having successfully avoided food for hours leading up to the video, I could be forgiven for assuming I had indeed realized the stated point of the practice; after all, I certainly wanted food, my stomach hurt a bit, and I resolved that fasting wasn’t really for me. On reflection, however, it occurred to me that I didn’t feel any more connected to basic man than I had at the outset. Where had I gone wrong?

About three minutes into the practice, we’re introduced to Einstein’s philosophy that such baser experiences as hunger, love, pain, and fear create the foundation of self-preservation upon which we define our state of nature– basic man. Hunger (along with the other experiences) thus lacks a purely for-itself purpose; it exists primarily as a tool with which to protect the self. Taking this definition of hunger for granted, it is plainly impossible to experience hunger absent the need for self-preservation, for it is the need of preservation that creates hunger to guide us to safety.

Just as hunger may be ubiquitous in the state of nature, it is equally possible for it to be absent entirely in a relatively affluent state in which the parameters of self-preservation have been redefined. Though we all need food, most of us have never been reduced to a primal, naturalistic being in search of food primarily. Our hunger is not the hunger of the state of nature or even of the rest of the world, and so try as I might, I never stood a chance at connecting with a basic human instinct.

While I never felt hunger, this contemplative practice provided fascinating insight into what hunger really is. I believe that considering hunger a component of self-preservation provides greater credence to arguments that access to food is a fundamental human right (a natural extension of the Lockean ideal that a right to self-protection births all other rights), and thus I consider understanding hunger in this way paramount to creating a compelling argument regarding ensuring universal access to food– an optimistic (if naïve) policy aspiration.

Fruitful Thinking

One of my favorite staple breakfast items is a parfait, it is a quick and easy option for me in the early morning hours before I make my way to attending class. It feels wholesome and healthy with yogurt, granola, and a selection of chopped fruit layered at the top. The most prized fruits I take pleasure indulging in, are mangoes and kiwis. I pick them out of my fruit bowl on the counter, which was filled either after a simple trip to the grocery, or more commonly, after my bi-weekly Imperfect Produce delivery. More often than not, I pluck them out of my full, colorful bowl of fruits, ripened nearly to perfection. Once they have been laid out on my cutting board, skinned and sliced, the sweet juices flow and I’m filled with delight – dancing about, licking my fingers as I transfer my fruity gems to the top of my yogurt and granola mound. Once my breakfast has been taken in, I go to class, about my day, and that small delight fades as quickly as my dishes fall into the sink, and my mind shifts to the tasks for the day. 

“Quick and easy,” sounds like a “non-humorous-things-seem-kind-of-fishy” type of funny, because up until my mangoes and kiwis were placed into my fruit bowl, nothing was quick and easy. It’s curious to me how almost all of us as US consumers, compartmentalize this process. We know that mangoes, kiwis, and other various tropical fruit production is limited to exactly that – the tropics. We know that the midwestern farmers and farm workers aren’t harvesting and growing bananas and star fruit. If you were to ask me, after taking a longing glimpse at my parfait, where did my fruit come from – I’d know they were from distant climates. Yet, even knowing this – knowing that if I were to travel to the farms of the kiwi and mangoes origins, it would be a full day or even more of traveling – I still compulsively think “quick and easy.” 

I sat with myself for a while, just trying to imagine the whole process of my mangoes’ journey to my kitchen counter. How long does it take for a mango to grow? How much time, effort, and energy is a part of the process? What are the cultural aspects of mangoes has the mass production completely altered? And from there, how many different hands, trucks, forklifts, planes or other mechanisms played a role in the operations between its harvest and my fruit bowl. I had expected this exercise to be illuminating in a way that would inspire maybe a deeper appreciation, but in reality – it was exhausting. I felt bogged down and drained trying to trace back the steps of this single mango that I indulged in for maybe, 10 minutes. I think it’s not just that it’s easy for us to disassociate from the realities of production, because we are so far removed from having to face these realities. But that, the various loops and chains of production are so complex, fogged, and don’t present the idealized images of a happy farmer on a green pasture – we get caught in a cognitive bias. It’s hard to say if this was a structure built with the malicious intent of constructing a veil that is upheld by the inability to fully fathom its matrix of relationships, or if this just happens to be another unintended (but conveniently beneficial to those profiting) consequence of these extreme complexities. 

I wonder how much would change if the realities were blared at us everyday. If the giant signs hanging above the fruit section didn’t imply a skewed version of the daily realities that take place all across the world, making it easy to assume that my mango’s migration has brought about no undesirable effects. Would we really continue to seek out our desires so freely? If it wasn’t as easy for us to disassociate from reality, would we work harder to avoid it? Or would something as simple and glorified as “awareness” bring about significant changes? It’s difficult to say, because even after this thought exercise, I don’t think I can promise that I won’t purchase another kiwi or mango. But, maybe instead – I/we can work a little harder to improve the conditions in which this system functions – to put this awareness beyond our dollars, and to really value lives over mangoes. 

Like a Tree

Before taking this course, the idea of a structured time to practice meditation ‘in’ the classroom was not something that I had experienced before. As I learned more about the history and uses of contemplative practices, the image of a tree was common in describing its structure. This image had a profound effect on me as it illustrated and enhanced the benefit of these practices and just how multi-faceted it is. Like a tree, we are ever growing and are grounded in our core ideals and beliefs. The role of the contemplative practices allows us to further grow our tree and trim it in places or take it in a different direction – one that is built out of a changed and fuller frame of mind.

Image Source: http://www.artchangeseverything.org/2016/09/the-tree-of-contemplative-practices_3.html

The contemplative practice that has stood out the most to me is the one on feeling hunger. This practice further illuminated the privilege that I hold in my relationship with food and the ability to consume and benefit from food on my own terms. As we have learned, the current food system is made up with the goal of making money, not food. And even though we have the food necessary to feed the population of the world, this is not happening in part due to aesthetic standards and amount of food required to feed livestock. An article from the Guardian illustrates the relationship between changing our diets and the ability to be able to more greatly feed and serve the whole population of the planet. When addressing your own hunger, it is becoming pivotal to understand how you are filling it and the impact that it has on the environment and fellow inhabitants of the world. While a massive structured change is necessary, knowing your role in the food system will help change it.

The Bitterness of Chocolate

The contemplative practices have forced me to reconcile with the fact that I take part in the food system, a system that profits off of child labor and sustains the inequalities between multi-billion companies and farmers in the Global South. This became more apparent to me through the contemplative practice on chocolate.

Before the contemplative practice, I saw myself as a chocolate fiend. Coming from a transnational family, my mother usually enlists her siblings for brands of chocolates uncommon in the States. With an abundant amount of chocolate in my house, I associated chocolate with family and a quick sugar pick me up, but through the practice, I realized at the heart of each bite is the cocoa bean.

A picture I took of some of the chocolate in my house

A cocoa bean

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Make Chocolate Fair reports that about 90% of farmers’ incomes from the Ivory Coast depend on the cocoa bean which is to be an annual average of $2,400 for a typical farm family. This compensation is microscopic compared to the total global retail sales of the chocolate industry which was reported to be 98 billion dollars in 2016.

chocolate bar broken up into fragments describing the share in the value chain of chocolate production. 6.6% going toward cocoa farmers, 35.2% for chocolate manufacturers, and 44.2% for retail. 4.3% for taxes/marketing board, 2.1% for transportation and traders, and 7.6% for processors and grinders.

The percentage breakdown of share in the value chain of chocolate production.

Source: https://makechocolatefair.org/issues/cocoa-prices-and-income-farmers-0

Not only is the pay insufficient for the actual value of the extensive labor, but the chocolate industry is infamous for utilizing child labor. Many broken promises have been made by companies like Hershey and Nestle to eradicate the use of child labor that fall flat due to the complexity of reasons such as poverty, lack of farm-level supervision, and the reverberation of civil war within the area. Many of these reasons for companies’ shortcomings are also weak links within the greater living food system that spans beyond chocolate.

While listening to Karen’s voice pull me into a state of self-awareness about the different parts of the commodity chains within the production of chocolate, I began to notice the bitterness of chocolate.