Fair Trade & Free Trade, Praxis & Protest

The Community Alliance for Global Justice (CAGJ) is a fitting organization to pair with our course because they do an amalgamation of work, spanning all sorts of different topics and issues with the central goal of spreading sustainability, democracy, fair agricultural practice, and social justice. They don’t do one thing, the same way this class isn’t about one subject. It’s more about a set of values and goals that guide you from topic to topic, issue to issue.

(CAGJ Facebook Page)

Our fundraising work and Fair Trade project did little to further my understanding of systems thinking. I’m coming away from the project with a vastly deeper understanding of the Fair Trade model and its benefits but I don’t feel like the work helped me to better understand the way world trade works all that much. I don’t mean this in a bad way though because it was work. Moreover, it was a service. It was unpaid and somewhat thankless intern work, not done for our own personal growth but for a greater cause. Cold-calling local businesses weakened by the global pandemic and asking for small donations for a fundraising event that they may not even be able to attend did little to further my formal education, but it taught me a valuable lesson about how the topics of our class can look in the real world, not to mention during a crisis. Nonprofit work isn’t always glamorous and that’s a valuable lesson when seeking a degree in the social sciences.

Front page of the Seattle Times from December 1, 1999. (Mark Harrison / The Seattle Times)

The obvious parallel between our project and course material is the Fair Trade research we did for CAGJ’s website. Our research was mostly surface-level, just getting a solid overview of the Fair Trade model and listing different products and brands, however our knowledge of the deeply rooted problems of the free trade model came in handy. “The Real Reasons for Hunger” by Vandana Shiva and “Agricultural Trade Liberalization” by Jennifer Clapp helped me understand the need for such a model brought on by the unjust trade policies by the WTO. Early in the quarter, not knowing what would take place a month later, our CAGJ supervisors had us watch a documentary about Seattle’s 1999 WTO protests, which, after telling us how bad Seattle police are at handling demonstrations, showed how effective protest can be. The 1999 protests prevented the WTO from holding negotiations and forced the world to examine the costs of globalization. Now shockingly similar photos have come out of the last two weeks, and already major police reforms have been promised.

Downtown Seattle, May 30, 2020 (Matt M. McKnight/Crosscut)

So much of our class was focused on the macro – the big picture of the global food system and the endless moving parts that make it tick. Our project focused on the micro. One Seattle nonprofit with a staff small enough you could count them on your hands, doing what they can to stay afloat while educating their community on a better way to exchange goods. You can’t solve a problem without understanding the system it’s a part of, and you can’t understand the system without getting to know the individual actors working within it.

My Guilty Pleasure

Out of all the contemplative practices, my attention was captured particularly by chocolate. I have always appreciated and indulged every single chocolate I have laid my hands on – up until recently. It is both haunting and disturbing; the inhumane activities such as exploitation of workers and child labor associated with something that brings most people pleasure. This contemplative practice made me feel  empathetic to those children who are impoverished and stripped away from their childhood – which prevents them from attending school and living a normal life, spending most of their time working in cacao farms. 

source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/business/hershey-nestle-mars-chocolate-child-labor-west-africa/

After witnessing the video of Ivory Coast cacao growers tasting chocolate for the first time and child labor in cacao production, I instantly felt guilt – being a consumer supporting products that are sourced from people that are exploited and had been taken advantage of. Eating chocolate suddenly becomes difficult, thinking about farmers’ lack of privilege to taste chocolate – when their product is its number one ingredient.

Cacao is a multi-billion dollar industry, and yet growers in Ivory Coast are employing children (free labor) but still struggle to make enough profit to provide for their families. Considering the amount of money and power the chocolate industry possess, they most certainly have the upper hand to prevent child labor and exploitation of farm workers by providing a fair and just wage in exchange for their product.

This situation in the chocolate industry is something that I was not aware of prior to the contemplative practice addressing it. This shows that these practices may be difficult to understand for most people like myself, but it is a very useful tool to contemplate the big picture behind things. This specific contemplative practice about chocolate encouraged me to see through a bar of chocolate and think about the unjust practices associated with it as well as the actions that should be implemented to resolve it.

 

On Contemplation and the Complication of Chocolate

Learning that contemplation practice would be part of this course brought me some anxiety. As one who struggles when invited to “focus on the breath,” mindfulness goals are slain by an internal battle of brain versus lungs. My Zen façade hides a bar brawl of distractions fighting for my attention. Our class has contemplated hunger, exotic foods, a raisin… As the course progresses, I’m realizing these sessions aren’t necessarily a quest for Zen or epiphany as much as they are a space to ask. To feel. To notice. I am reassured by Professor LItfin’s insights into the mind’s natural tendency to roam and how contemplative practice works to “encourage students to actively integrate their subjective experience into their objective learning.” We are connected to the goings on “out there.” Our experiences are relevant and even essential for deep learning.

A recent contemplative practice was done after having viewed clips where cocoa famers in Africa’s Ivory Coast taste chocolate for the first time and another revealing persistent child labor in cocoa farming. Thoughts after watching:

  1. What a way to illustrate inequities and ironies of the global food system
  1. Is chocolate ruined forever? 

I’m joking about #2. Kind of – chocolate is considered an essential business in my house. But paying attention to the lives behind food brings awareness and hopefully, action. Look yourself and your food in the eye, acknowledge that it was planted, tended, harvested, and processed by people.

Who’s lives are behind this square of chocolate? Does fair trade mean new improved taste with less guilt?

A young boy uses a machete to break cocoa pods at a farm on Africa’s eastern Ivory Coast. Image Source

Sometimes the clarity we seek in the moment eludes us only to be realized later. For me, the questions multiply. Having had some room to reflect upon our contemplative sessions, I continue grappling with my place in the food ecosystem. How can I be more than a consumer? If further contemplation of food, hunger, and our role in food systems can guide me towards understanding, or at least deepen my appreciation for food, I’ll keep practicing.

I discovered this chocolate scorecard which ranks brands according to fair labor practices and environmental impact.

Sources

BBC News. (2011, November 10). Cocoa farms still using child labour [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-15686731/cocoa-farms-in-ivory-coast-still-using-child-labour

Green America . (n.d.). Child Labor in Your Chocolate? Retrieved May 4, 2020, from https://www.greenamerica.org/end-child-labor-cocoa/chocolate-scorecard

Litfin, K. T. (2020). The Contemplative Pause: Insights for Teaching Politics in Turbulent Times. Journal of Political Science Education, 16(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2018.1512869

O’Keefe, B. (2016, March 1). Bitter Sweets. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://fortune.com/longform/big-chocolate-child-labor/

VPRO Metropolis. (2014, February 21). First taste of chocolate in Ivory Coast – vpro Metropolis [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEN4hcZutO0